Main Barriers to Entry

Introduction In recent years, various businesses have been â€Å"ripping-off† customers in Britain. Since 1999, the United Kingdom car industry embraced an anti-competitive pricing strategy after the admission of Volvo. Volvo is a leading European car manufacturer. The car dealers entered new agreements to keep car prices extremely high. Most of the car manufacturers in the country fixed prices through â€Å"selective and exclusive distribution† (Ruppert 22). This discussion examines the main barriers restricting entry to the car industry.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Main Barriers to Entry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How the Main Barriers Restrict Entry into the Car Industry The current situation in the country explains why it is hard for car dealers to enter into the United Kingdom’s car industry. The first barrier to entry to this industry is the existence of an â€Å"oligopo listic market structure† (Ruppert 14). The case study shows a classical example of an oligopoly whereby the market is dominated by a few car manufacturers and dealers. The leading companies make secret agreements that keep car prices in the country extremely high. The companies also use â€Å"official† dealers to market their cars at a specified price (Ruppert 38). This explains why car prices in the country remains high. New firms trying to enter into the market cannot succeed because of the existing market structure. This explains how the car manufacturers have consistently blocked cheaper cars from the country. The other barrier to this industry is the occurrence of â€Å"tacit collusion†. Tacit collusion is a strategy whereby two or more firms agree upon a specific approach without necessarily writing it on paper (Tucker 64). The strategy makes it impossible to have a strong response from other companies. In the United Kingdom, the major car manufacturers hav e entered agreements to keep prices high. The strategy has kept potential competitors away (Ruppert 55). As well, the companies have constantly blocked cheaper cars from the country. The strategy discourages competitive practices thus forcing foreign companies to stay away. This kind of collusion promotes the business of the leading car dealers while threatening that of newcomers. New companies targeting the industry encounter numerous threats from the existing players. This is a major barrier to entry because the car manufacturers use different anti-competitive practices. The approach makes the industry unattractive for foreign car dealers. For instance, the leading manufacturers have constantly threatened major European car dealers and manufacturers. The new companies understand they can easily lose their businesses and dealership if they continue selling their cars to British consumers. Such threats have discouraged new players from investing in the industry (Ruppert 87). For new car manufacturers to enter to this industry, there should be no threats or any form of collusion. This explains why such a barrier makes the industry unattractive. As a result, the British consumer has to pay more for a car in the country.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the United Kingdom, consumers have to purchase cars from the leading car manufacturers. The companies use â€Å"price signalling† to lock out foreign car dealers (Stackelberg 19). The dealers also delay delivery of ordered cars to the country. This has made it impossible for new companies to enter the industry. British buyers are forced to change their minds and buy cars from British dealers. This explains why car prices in the United Kingdom are higher than in other European countries. Although the European Commission (EC) advocates for a healthy competition, the major companies in Britain d o not embrace a â€Å"Cournot Competition†. This occurs when the existing companies do not act strategically. Instead, they collude in order to dominate the industry. This continues to affect the industry by discouraging new entries. The consumer continues to suffer from the situation by paying more than 10 % for a car. Without a healthy competition, new companies will find the industry less attractive and instead consider investing in other countries (Stackelberg 23). In 2002, the European Commission (EC) decided to change the â€Å"Block Exemption† regulations in order to allow different competitors operate in different countries. The new regulation provided car distributors exclusive territories to market or distribute their cars. The strategy helped develop new sales outlets in the European Union. However, the existence of the above barriers has not altered the situation in the United Kingdom (Tucker 81). Most of the car models marketed in the country are usually e xpensive than the normal European Union price. The rate of inflation continues to keep car prices high. Whenever there are barriers to entry, new dealers and car manufacturers are unable to have a profitable business. Conclusion There have been numerous accusations that British consumers are forced to pay much higher prices for cars than their Europeans counterparts. From the above discussion, it is notable that the Nash equilibrium is not embraced in the country. Instead, the car manufacturers have colluded with dealers in order to threaten new marketers. The existence of an oligopolistic market structure also makes the industry less attractive. The above barriers to entry to this industry have continued to affect the British car buyer. Works Cited Ruppert, James. The British Car Industry: Our Part in Its Downfall. London: Foresight Publications, 2008. Print.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Main Barriers to Entry specifically for you for only $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More Stackelberg, Heinrich. Market Structure and Equilibrium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. Tucker, Irvin. Macroeconomics for Today. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. This case study on Main Barriers to Entry was written and submitted by user Jeram1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Robert Sengstacke Abbott Biography

Robert Sengstacke Abbott Biography Abbot was born in Georgia on November 24, 1870. His parents, Thomas and Flora Abbott were both former slaves. Abbott’s father died when he was young, and his mother remarried John Sengstacke, a German immigrant.   Abbott attended Hampton Institute in 1892 where he studied printing as a trade. While attending Hampton, Abbott toured with the Hampton Quartet, a group similar to the Fisk Jubilee Singers. He graduated in 1896 and two years later, he graduated from Kent College of Law in Chicago. Following law school, Abbott made several attempts to establish himself as an attorney in Chicago. Due to racial discrimination, he was unable to practice law. Newspaper Publisher: The Chicago Defender In 1905, Abbott founded The Chicago Defender. With an investment of twenty-five cents, Abbott published the first edition of  The Chicago Defender  by using his landlord’s kitchen to print copies of the paper. The first edition of the newspaper was an actual collection of news clippings from other publications as well as Abbotts reporting.   By 1916,  The Chicago Defender’s  circulation was 50,000 and it was considered one of the best African-American newspapers in the United States. Within two years, the circulation had reached 125,000 and by the early 1920s, it was well over 200,000.   From the outset, Abbott employed yellow journalistic tactics-sensational headlines and dramatic news accounts of African-American communities. The paper’s tone was militant. Writers  referred to African-Americans, not as black or negro but as the race. Graphic images of lynchings, assaults and other acts of violence against African-Americans were published prominently in the paper. These images were not present to scare its readers, but rather, to shed light on lynchings and other acts of violence that African-Americans endured throughout the United States.  Through its coverage of the  Red Summer of 1919, the publication used these race riots to campaign for anti-lynching legislation. As an African-American news publisher, Abbott’s mission was not only to print news stories, he had a nine-point mission that included: American race prejudice must be destroyedThe opening up of all trade-unions to blacks as well as whites.Representation in the Presidents CabinetEngineers, firemen, and conductors on all American railroads, and all jobs in government.Representation in all departments of the police forces over the entire United StatesGovernment schools open to all American citizens in preference to foreignersMotormen and conductors on surface, elevated and motor bus lines throughout AmericaFederal legislation to abolish lynching.Full enfranchisement of all American citizens. Abbott was a supporter of The Great Migration and wanted southern African-Americans to escape the economic disadvantages and social injustice that plagued the South. Writers such as Walter White and Langston Hughes served as columnists; Gwendolyn Brooks published one of her earliest poems in the pages of the publication. The Chicago Defender and the Great Migration   In an effort to push the Great Migration forward, Abbott held an event on May 15, 1917, called the Great Northern Drive. The Chicago Defender  published train schedules and job listings in its advertising pages as well as editorials, cartoons, and news articles to persuade African-Americans to relocate to northern cities. As a result of Abbott’s depictions of the North, The Chicago Defender became known as â€Å"the greatest stimulus that the migration had.†Ã‚   Once African-Americans had reached northern cities, Abbott used the pages of the publication not only to show horrors of the South, but also the pleasantries of the North.

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example These are common examples of crime. However, a precise meaning of criminal offence is defined by various laws of each country. Some of these countries have a catalogue of crime, and it is referred to as the criminal code. Some countries have a comprehensive statute, which outlines the various crimes that are against the state. There are three major classification of crime, namely, misdemeanor, felony, and treason. The major difference that exists between a felony and a misdemeanor is on the penalty an individual receives for the offence (Burke, 279). A misdemeanor refers to a crime whose punishment is identified by the law. However, this punishment should not be death or imprisonment. The state or the government has the authority and power to restrict the liberty of an individual who is involved in committing a crime. To limit this liability, the state must follow a criminal procedure that culminates into an investigation, to a trial. It is only after the guilt of an individual is ascertained, that an offender may receive a punishment. This punishment can be imprisonment, community service, or even death, depending on the nature of crime. The natural law and the labeling theory effectively explain this concept of crime. According to the labeling theory, crime is an activity that causes injury to the society. The people, who apply this concept of labeling, normally assert the hegemony of a population that is dominant (Burke, 279). Furthermore, labeling a particular activity as a crime is a reflection of a general consensus that condemns the behavior. Natural law theory recognizes the power of the state to enforce laws, and prevent a crime. The state normally uses the police for purposes of enforcing law and order. The police have an important role in promoting justice (Justice and T, 160). Through the power vested upon them in the constitution, the police have the authority of arresting any suspected individual.

Worker's compensation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Worker's compensation - Case Study Example The workers’ compensation law favors workers’ case and employers feel cheated as the law does not allow them any leverage. The amendments in the law have given it more teeth, allowing employers to contest and put their case for fairer judgment. Spurlock asserts that employers’ spend considerable amount of money in promoting safety measures including training of employees, providing safety devices and even conducting drug and alcohol testing for workplace safety. Thus, they have legitimate reasons to get upset when the workers’ are awarded compensation unfairly as the injury occurs due workers’ violation of safety rules. He has analyzed safety misconduct defenses in the three states so that insurers and employers can anticipate the essential issues while raising the safety misconduct defense. In Kentucky, worker’s compensation statutory favors workers’ case and provides 15% reduction in compensation if the worker had failed to utilize the safety appliances or overlooked safety rules. Intoxication must be the primary proximate cause and employee’s culpability must prove ‘willful misconduct’ in order to strengthen the case of employers. Safety misconduct in Indiana provides complete affirmative defense for failing to use safety devices or obey safety rules. It also incorporates employees’ intoxication but does not emphasize on it being primary proximate cause and refers to ‘knowing’ of the rules. In Tennessee, the statute provides complete affirmative defense for intoxication, drug use or willful violation of safety rules. But it is silent on obeying safety rules pertaining to the use of safety devices and Tennessee’s courts have not found the non usage of safety devices as willful misconduct. In both the states, there is subtle importance that is placed on the proximate cause, especially in cases of intoxication for awarding or denying compensation to the workers. Spurlock article has analyzed multiple cases of workers’

Globalization and Canada. Globalization and free trade Essay

Globalization and Canada. Globalization and free trade - Essay Example Globalization of business and economies has changed societies in all countries and Canada is no exception. In fact, the term "global village" to denote the effect of globalization was coined by a Canadian journalist, Marshall MacLuhan at the dawn of the 21th century. Free flow of capital in and out of Canada, free trade and the existence of multinational companies have together linked Canada to the rest of the world's economies. In addition, Canada has become a part of continental integration through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that has already exposed the trading and business community of Canada to the United States. As a result of the interaction of a global business environment and a multicultural population, the Canadian society is undergoing a change that needs to be explored further. Besides, globalization has had an impact on the sovereignty and democracy of the country as Canada's economy as well as its culture has got integrated with that of the United St ates. In this paper, I will discuss the economic, social and cultural effects of globalization on Canada and propose a methodology for further questions.Inter-linkages between economies across different geographies have existed for centuries but it is only recently that the world has become truly integrated into a 'global village' rather than in a state of one group of countries exploiting the other. Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution had its roots in technological innovations like the power looms and railroads in Britain in the middle 19th century but it soon spread across Europe and North America, allowing for growth in commerce (Chirot, 2000). The modernization of the European and North American economies was aided to a large extent on the availability of raw materials (cotton from India in the case of Britain) and labor (African slaves for North America) from the colonies. By the advent of the 20th century, however, the limits of the capitalist development had been reached , leading to the Great Depression of the 1920s in North America and Europe (Giddens, 1986). The two World Wars changed the global economic power balance, with most of the colonies gaining independence over the period and Soviet Russia becoming more powerful and dissociated from the western powers. Post war reconstruction, growing urbanization and technology improvements revived the North American and European economies while Soviet Russia too developed technological capabilities. However, the world got bifurcated between the capitalist (mainly North America and Europe) and the socialist (mainly the USSR) camps while the Third World countries (the developing or underdeveloped nations, most typically erstwhile colonies of European powers) aligned themselves to either of the two camps. The 1950s saw a boom in the United States economy, much as a result of Fordist automation of industries and growth of consumerism, and US multinational companies endeavored to invest in other countries, the nearest neighbor, Canada, being the most convenient. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, even the capitalist economies, Canada being an important example, largely believed in economic sovereignty and foreign ownership was not seen as favorable (Smythe, 2001). The global economic order has significantly changed since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s. As the divergence of the world between the two superpowers and their respective beneficiaries in the so-called Third World disappeared, the world has now become a 'global village' that is increasingly inter-linked for mutual benefits. The processes of production and consumption have undergone significant globalization, aided be the nearly free flow of capital and technology across political barriers. Over the years, multinational companies (MNCs) have ruled world business and governments have had limited roles to play. A survey by Institute for Policy Studies in 2000 found that the world's top 200

Human Disease Insight (HDI) Database Development

Human Disease Insight (HDI) Database Development Motivation: The scope of the Human Disease Insight (HDI) will not be limited to researchers or doctors but also provide basic information to common people and creating awareness among them and thereby reducing the chances of suffering due to ignorance. The integrated bioinformatics tools within the database will enable researchers to perform comparison among the disease specific genes, and perform protein analysis, search for biomarkers and identification of potential vaccine candidates. Eventually the tools would be of great help to analyze facts about the diseases. Results: The HDI is a knowledge based resource for human disease information to both scientists as well as general public. Here, our mission is to provide a comprehensive human disease database containing most of the useful information with extensive cross-referencing. HDI is a knowledge management system that acts as a central hub to access information about human diseases, drugs and genes involved in various diseases. In addition, the HDI contains well classified bioinformatics tool with description. HDI provides two types of search capabilities, and has provision for downloading, uploading and searching disease/gene/drug related information. Logistics designed for HDI allow regular updation of the database. Availability and implementation: The HDI is freely accessible at http://humandiseaseinsight.com, with user-friendly web interface, and is highly useful to the physicians, researchers, patient and general public. Keywords: Database, Knowledge Management System, Relational Database Management System, Three-Tier Architecture, Web-Server, Mysql, Disease, Gene, Drug 1. Introduction Scientists have documented diseases pertaining to a specific category in various online databases. Due to advancement in science and technology, especially genomics and information technology, we have entered in an exciting era of modern biology. The major challenge, that medical science community presently facing, is the integration of vast and rapidly growing volumes of information on various diseases into a holistic understanding. Recent progress of disease genetics and genome-related medicine has been considerable, with extensive data being generated. The remarkable approach of the Human Genome Project in identification of most of the human genome, transcriptome and proteome, and making them publicly available through online databases, assisted in in-depth inspection of disease genetics. At present databases containing information about human diseases are focused predominantly on a particular category: all known Mandelian disorders (Hamosh, et al., 2005), infectious disease database, rare children diseases (http://www.madisonsfoundation.org/index.php), hereditary ocular disease (https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu), dermatological diseases (http://www.aocd.org/) and gastrointestinal diseases (http://www.gastro.net.au/). Such attempts enormously uplift the efforts related to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, developing new approaches to alleviate the consequences of life threatening diseases. However, till date no disease database is populated with guidance towards bioinformatics tools and information available for common individual. Integration of all human diseases from different categories at a common place has become an important issue in the Bioinformatics. Over a period of time, amendments in diagnostic evaluation and treatment emerges. In order to facilitate the community with the latest knowledge of human diseases and discovery of gene involved in diseases, we have created a Knowledge Management System (KMS), that includes information of various categories of human diseases, drugs used to cure the diseases, genes involved in causing the diseases and bioinformatics tools to analyze the involved gene. HDI is thus a comprehensive database of human diseases classified in various categories and cross linked to other databases to retrieve a detailed knowledge of genes, drugs and tools. HDI has broader utility in that it renders clinical information for physicians, genetic information and tools classification for researchers and general description of disease for general public. 2. OVERVIEW OF THE DATABASE Human Disease Insight (HDI) introduces an integrated knowledgebase of diseases, genes, drugs and bioinformatics tools list, with a user friendly interface. It is designed to assemble, store, organize and display information about human diseases, genes associated with human diseases and drugs used to cure diseases in conjunction with classified list of bioinformatics tools for sequence analysis and structure modeling of genes/protein. HDI currently includes information about 625 human diseases, 320 drugs, 1440 gene and classified list of bioinformatics tools (Table 1). Diseases have been classified into 12 categories, each category has been populated with disease information that includes synonym/s, pathogen, general description of disease, gene, clinical features, pathways, investigations, prevention, treatment, risk factor, prevalence and references (Kanehisa and Goto, 2000), (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/), (http://www.medscape.com/). Drugs have been classified into 26 broad categories. Assignment of the genes to human diseases are enlisted with links to NCBI (Maglott, et al., 2007) and UniProt (Wu, et al., 2006) for detailed information. Bioinformatics tools are broadly classified into 3 main categories, each category is then categorized into further sub categories. Information collected for disease, drugs and genes are interconnected in such a way that through disease option, multiple genes and/or multiple drugs involved in a particular disease can be retrieved, through drugs option number of diseases where a particular drug can be used is retrieved and through gene option number of disease/s where a particular gene is involved can be displayed. These information can be accessed freely. The information is curated and updated regularly. 3. Database Structure HDI, is a knowledge based data ware house, that provides an integrated and curated repository of human diseases, drugs and reported genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease along with the links to bioinformatics tools. Classification of bioinformatics tools with description and links to their respective web pages assists in performing research analysis of gene/protein sequence/s. HDI endows user friendly web interface to allow user to retrieve, download and upload information through interactive web forms. The schematic representation of the logistics used in HDI is shown in Figure1. 3.1. Software design and implementation The data ware house HDI is developed and implemented on a three-tier architecture-user/client, web-interface and relational database management system (RDBMS) backend. User/client can be a physician, researcher, student and/or general public. The web interface is comprised of web pages and web forms, designed in HTML5, CSS, PHP, javascript, ajax, jquery and MySql queries, to provide common gateway interface. At the backend we have created data marts of various information pertaining to human diseases. This developed database is dynamically constructed, web pages and web forms are interlinked with the data ware house created at the backend, for querying the database as instructed by the end user through button clicks and drop down menus. The data ware house created at the backend is a relational database, managed with MySql developed on Windows operating system. For web services, Apache HTTP web server was used. Data mining was performed to retrieve information for human diseases, gen es, drug and tools through various web resources and text books, obtained data was then subjected to curation and uploaded to the database. Framework for HDI primarily consists of tables for disease, drugs and genes information including bioinformatics tools. Diseases are classified broadly into 12 categories. Each category is populated with number of diseases. Each entry in HDI provides a comprehensive information about human disease characterized by synonyms, general description, pathogen, gene involved, clinical features, pathways, investigations, prevention, treatment, drug, prevalence, risk factors and references. The drugs are classified into 26 broad categories, each category is populated with number of drugs with their description and links to Drug databank for detailed information. Genes involved in human diseases are collected and their links to NCBI and UniProt are provided in drop down menu to retrieve elaborate knowledge. For convenience of users, major bioinformatics tools with description and links are classified in an effort to guide them for performing specified analysis of the gene/protein. HDI can be p ublicly accessed from any web browser at http://humandiseaseinsight.com. 3.2. Data curation The HDI is being enhanced through continued efforts to improve diseases knowledge and interlinking of disease, drug and gene tables to obtain optimum information. The information made available for the user is achieved after extensive data mining process. Knowledge thus obtained is managed in a relational database through cross linking to fetch the data stored in the data ware house of HDI and through cross linking of the web resources (NCBI, UniProt and DrugBank) Genes which are related to human diseases are included in the database, and are interlinked with the disease tables so as to get the name/s of disease/s governed by a specific gene. 3.3. Knowledgebase access HDI data can be retrieved efficiently through drop down menus and search functions provided on each page of the web site. User can access alphabetically ordered diseases, drugs, genes and tools through drop down menu. Diseases from different categories can be selected through drop down menu. Clicking on the disease displays the stored information about the disease. Similarly, drugs can be selected from different categories in the drop down menu, clicking on any drug will give its description, disease/s that can be cured and linked with the drug bank for detail. For convenience of users, two different search boxes are provided. One search box present at the home page can search the complete data mart for diseases in the data ware house of the HDI. To enhance the usability of this search box, codes were written to provide auto-complete search suggestion to the user that would save searching time and do spelling correction. Another search present on each page is Google search box, which searches for the term entered, in the database as well as on the web. Our web site has provision for downloading and uploading published articles, e-books and articles related to disease, drug and genes for registered users. All uploads by the user will be timely updated in the database. For registration, signup option is provided, registered user can login for downloading and uploading related information. Medicinal and research oriented news will be emailed to the email address provided by the user. Feedback option is given to receive feedback from the user, to improve the database. Advertisement option is provided for the advertisement companies to display their advertisement on the provided space of the web site after filling the form. Further the database is connected to social networking sites for gaining popularity. 4. Database availability The database can be accessed without any charges to retrieve disease, drug, gene and tool related information. Free registration is required for downloading and uploading the related content. 5. Salient features of the HDI HDI is a robust knowledge management system, that manages data mined knowledge, through cross-linking of the data marts and web resources. This user-friendly, data-intensive repository provide the user a platform to retrieve comprehensive disease related information and perform gene/protein sequence based analysis using direct links of the classified bioinformatics tools. HDI allow users to upload content to improve the data base. 6. Future directions HDI provide optimum information required for diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases. Currently, there are 625 diseases, 1440 genes, 320 drugs and 39 tools. The content of information in specified fields is rapidly expanding, our aim is to collect a complete dataset of human diseases, genes, drugs and tools and to generate a tool that can identify gene causing human disease. We also aim to integrate various bioinformatics tools to annotate human disease specific genes. In future, main challenge is to keep the dataset up to date with growing number diseases, genes, drugs and bioinformatics tools. 7. Conclusions HDI offers a premier platform that deals with all aspects of diseases including history, symptom, cause, epidemiology, treatment, precaution, etc. Moreover, all diseases have been linked with the pharmacology, genomics, proteomics and many other relevant databases. HDI will not only help in greater understanding of the diseases and provide primary data for research but also enable to find the interactions between various diseases by comparing them by various biotools provided here in our database. The information provided shall lay the foundation for further advances in disease diagnosis and also help in design of novel approaches for diagnosing and treating diseases. We consider that, with enrichment of the database, user will get information about all of the human diseases.

Gender and Philosophy Class: Whose Job is it Anyways Essay -- ethics

Ethics of care, maternal thinking and morality are all very important aspects that should be involved in all aspects of society, but most of all today’s gendered workforce. Both men and women should receive equal rights and same treatment in the workplace, from equal opportunity to equal pay. Ethics of care, maternal thinking and morality should be applied in full when developing fairness in the workforce because of the great points it brings up about our flaws in societal development. The unfairness our society has created with jobs is expressed in both of these ways of thinking as well as displaying resolutions to these issues. â€Å"Women are moral equals of men†¦the experiences of women deserve our respect and are vital to a full and accurate understanding of morality† (CRP 194). The author of these ethics is trying to show how women need to be equal to men in society. Both men and women have something to offer in different ways. By ignoring attributes women could bring to the workplace, there are some things that might not be understood or accomplished. Women provide a cooperative, flexibility, openness, and so many other emotions, and characteristics that men don’t possess which is essential to achieve all possible success in the workforce. The author serves this point that both men and women are essential for society to function as they provide these different aspects that can either make the work world more efficient or even a different approach of doing things. â€Å"The aims and goals that define a practice are so central or â€Å"constitutive† that in the absence of the goal you would not have that practice† (CRP 209). This author also provides the point that women have more to offer, in situations that men cannot possess. Women prid... ...e many things that should be considered when adapting the human workforce. In all honesty though, ethics of care, maternal thinking, and morality are far more important for equality and sameness than any other ideals. Without ethics of care, there would be no right or wrong. Without right or wrong, morality would not have been adopted to teach civilization how to treat people in the workforce. Without maternal thinking, there would not be variation in the people or how they are treated both in and outside the work place. Works Cited "CRP." Gender and Philosophy Class Reading Packet. Comp. Sandy Johanson. Philosophy 206 ed. N.p.: n.p., 2014. 1-151. Rpt. in Readings Week 1-5. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. The Mothers Movement Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. ement.org/features/mhoodpapers/maternalism/morality_equality_p2.htm>.

English thematic essay

During a celebration Cassia begins to drink Sago uses the situation to his diva mintage. He begins to use subtle actions to get Cassia progressively drunk, for example he sings to excite Cassia and make him gullible and he says subtle things in his song like â€Å"Drink ho! † in Act II Scene Ill. This provokes Cassia to drink more and because of hubris when he is called drunk he denies the statement, becomes enraged, and attacks Ordering and Montana no.Othello hears the commotion and asks what happened, Sago pretends like he doesn't want t o betray Cassia and â€Å"accidentally† gives up Cassias name when he says, â€Å"l had rather have this t unguent cut from my mouth then should it do offence to Michael Cassia. † By saying this, his owe n reputation is still intact and actually seems more noble for what he said, Othello responds by saying â€Å"Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter, making light to Cassia. Cassia love thee but nevermore and officer Of m ine. TO Othello it appears that his lieutenant had a drinking problem and his actions caused him to lose respect for Cassia, but in reality I ago had manipulated Cassia in order to get him fired. After Cassia had been fired his reputation had been tainted. He felt that his re tuition was who he was, it meant everything to Cassia and it had been taken away from him. H e feels too ashamed to face Othello but wants to be reinstated knowing this Sago tells hi m â€Å"My wife must move for Cassia to her mistress I'll set her on.Myself the while to draw the m or apart. † He was basically saying for Cassia to go speak with Desman about his job and he would got Desman alone to speak to. While Cassia is speaking with Desman, lag o and Othello are walking together so Sago brings Othello to where Cassia and Desman are and when Cassia see's Othello he runs away. Sago then says â€Å"Ha! I like not that! â€Å"Len act Ill scene II As to say that Cassia had been caught, Sago had manipula ted the appearance in order t o cause Othello to become suspicious of Desman and Cassia.After this in act IV scene I Sago then further causes Othello to be suspicious when he told Othello he heard Cassia crying o UT Adhesion's name in his dream and after he sees Cassia heading in their direction he tells Othello to hide in some nearby bushes. Cassia and Sago begin to have a conversation about Bib NCAA but Sago mentions Desman to make Othello think it was about Desman. Othello o becomes enraged after this because Cassia says â€Å"I marry her? What a customer? † To To hello it had appeared that Cassia had been with Desman and even called her a custom mere (prostitute) but in reality Cassia was speaking of Bianca.Society has an extensive amount of expectations for people, in this case have Eng people defined by their reputation (appearance) in there feat to be civil and gain rep taxation they ironically become savage and are ignorant to that fact. They are also ignorant to the fact that it changes them and they become the person that there reputation describes w ICC is not always who they really are and for the people that have their true feelings (the reality of how the feel) concealed and lost by reputation, once that is lost they have nothing left.Once e their reputation is destroyed they begin to question whether they are civilized or savage, this is demonstrated after Cassia loses his position and says â€Å"Reputation, reputation, reputation O, ha eve lost my reputation! Have lost the immortal part of myself and what remains is beastie Othello has developed a good deal around the themes of civility vs.. Savagery and appearance v. S reality.When he is first introduced Othello is very calm and co Elected but as you go further into the play the themes influence him to do certain things for ex. ample the reason why Cassia, Othello very close friend who introduced him to Desman, was PU noshed so severely was because Othello is insecure about himself bei ng a savage which is why he became a general because people would be forced to respect his authority and reputation, but what good is his authority if his close friend and second in command was a drunken idiot.Also when Othello was tricked into believing that Desman was having an affair with Cassia, he ha become incredibly enraged at one point having an epilepsy due to anger as stated to C assai by Sago â€Å"No, forbear. The lethargy must have his quiet course, if not he foams at the mouth h, and by, and by, breaks out to savage madness†. Basically he was telling Cassia Othello needs t mime to cool down or he'll turn savage. Also compared to how Othello treated Desman with c are, calling her his sweet.Though in act IV scene I she is treated very much different for example e after Desman says ‘h,'Vhf sweet Othello? † He strikes her and calls her â€Å"Devil†. The reasons why I feel appearance v. Reality is such an important theme in O Othello is because Sag o uses the appearance and people reputation and uses it to main palate them as he us BTL does when he gets Cassia to drink more and more leading up to a fight then using that to get Cassia fired.It is also used when Sago starts getting Othello suspicious of Cassia when Cassia has pure intentions. It also especially affects the lives of all the people at that time because reputation meant everything to them, it defined who they were, soma e examples include Cassia saying â€Å"Once reputation is lost what remains is beastie† and Othello chi sing to fire Cassia because he needed his reputation to stay undamaged to keep people from 10 Going down on him like he was a savage.

Analysis of the Character of Winston in 1984 Essay Essays

Analysis of the Character of Winston in 1984 Essay Essays Analysis of the Character of Winston in 1984 Essay Essay Analysis of the Character of Winston in 1984 Essay Essay Essay Topic: 1984 Written by the writer George Orwell. 1984 gives a terrorizing mentality of society. George Orwell presents a universe in which society. controlled by the State. is indoctrinated in propaganda and semblance. The chief character is different from the remainder of the people since he decides to withstand the society he lives in. From the first chapters. the writer creates the image of an unsated adult male with the people environing him. The character of Winston. nevertheless. seems a spot of a paradox since. whilst he tries to arise against his society. he irrevocably loves his occupation. From the beginning of the book. Winston disobeys the Party’s orders ( by composing a journal ) . demoing his disapproval of the manner society is. Furthermore. the fact that Winston keeps a diary. witting of the danger he risks. is grounds that he hates his society. As the reader progresss in the first chapter. he can witness Winston’s attitude towards the Party’s values and the society. His attitude seems to ever differ from the other employees. Indeed during the â€Å"Two Minutes Hate† whilst everyone seems to abhor Goldstein. Winston is merely forging his hatred. This shows his refusal into following the Party’s regulations. Furthermore â€Å"Winston’s hatred was non turned against Goldstein but. on the contrary. against Large Brother. the Party and the Thought Police† . Winston has a really critical attack to the Party’s policies. Winston’s uneasiness towards the telescreen is farther cogent evidence on how he feels about society. Indeed. the telescreen represents another commanding facet of the society. Winston despises the commanding facet of his society since the telescreen has â€Å"pushed† him into going paranoiac. Winston’s attitude towards the telescreen shows us he hates his society for watching him all the clip. Winston besides hates adult females. a specific portion of society. They represent absolute obeisance and depersonalisation which he wholly disapproves of. Yet. his feelings towards them are presented as complex since Orwell insists on the fact that he looks down at them but besides feels attracted to them. Winston is nevertheless holding issues with pretty adult females: he feels that they are fall ining blindly the Party. His strong hatred for them is shown by the want to ache them: â€Å"flog to death† . â€Å"shoot arrows† . and â€Å"cut her pharynx at the climax†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However his evident complicity with O’Brien shows. underneath all the hatred. that Winston is really hankering for a friend in this society he hates. This complicity is due to the fact that Winston feels closely to O’Brien as he defied Big Brother’s authorization. Winston might hold so felt like he was non the merely 1 to to the full contemn the universe he lives in. Winston’s hatred for is society has a self-contradictory facet since he reject his society’s values and deeply loves his occupation at the same clip. This seems self-contradictory because Winston despises the fact that the Party controls. modifies everything whilst his occupation consists in modifying paperss. His occupation consists in modifying paperss. as if he were rewriting History to do it consistent with the Party’s claims. Winston’s occupation requires organisation accomplishments. with particular attending for day of the months. The reader learns that â€Å"Winston’s greatest pleasance in life was in his work† . The benefits that his occupation brings to his life are get awaying his life and a place of power. The place of power might mention to the fact that Winston can alter elements of the universe he lives in and furthermore which might do Winston experience in complete control of his life and work. However. Winston is far from being â€Å"in control† of anything. but he does hold a certain sum of power at the Ministry. sing he is allowed to entree archives. This could explicate why Winston likes his occupation so much. Furthermore it seems that Winston is able to interact with the past and its â€Å"real† version being closer to world than the updated version. On the other manus. Winston expresses a sense of uncertainness refering the exact genuineness of the version he received. In add-on. it is because Winston hates his society he uses his occupation as a manner of burying his sad life. His occupation requires a batch of concentration and dedication. which is precisely what he needs to get away his deadening day-to-day modus operandi. Because he is so involved in his occupation. his life becomes easier. This means his occupation gives him the possibility of slightly get awaying from the horror of populating under such an government. 1984’s chief character Winston is a complex adult male. who refuses to conform to the norms of society and chooses alternatively to withstand it. while at the same clip he really much enjoys his work at the Ministry. Winston hates his society. yet loves his occupation. This is consistent because the facets of society that Winston so despises are mutable by his occupation.

Science and Shamanism Essays

Science and Shamanism Essays Science and Shamanism Paper Science and Shamanism Paper Just like Science, Shamanism started a very long time ago. As Shamanism is considered as archaic magico-religious phenomenon in which the shaman is the great master of ecstasy, Science is also known as an ancient part of life in which its masters are called Natural Philosophers and later are known as Scientists. There are many commonalities and similarities between Science and Shamanism. Shamanism without their knowing also incorporates scientific methods while performing and making potions from herbs. Same with Shamans, Scientist also perform tasks and experiments by using special tools. Both Shamanism and Science respond to society’s needs. A very good example is by healing. Scientist conduct experiments and tests to discover medicines that can cure illness just like shamans. Thus, we can say that Science and Shamanism somewhat are related to each other, but however there are still factors that keep them apart. First, Shamanism in terms of healing is not really accepted by western Science, why? Because both of them can heal certain patients their sources of healing are undoubtedly very different. Shamanism is a range of beliefs, rituals and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world. They heal people by mending souls. Shaman gains knowledge or power to heal an individual by entering the spiritual world or its dimension. The shaman may acquire many spirit guides in the spirit world, these guides direct the shaman in his/her travels. The spirits are always present in the Shaman though others only encounter one when there is a Shaman around. The Shaman heals by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone to. The Shaman also cleanses excess negative energies which confuse or pollute the soul. Science on the other hand is a systematic enterprise of knowledge about nature and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. These laws and theories are used by scientist to invent things and cure diseases by making medicines and vaccines. Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms. Since Science is a complex branch of understanding and has many fields of expertise, thus Scientist don’t call or rely on spirits but rather use scientific knowledge. Scientists study different fields of science to gain knowledge and use that knowledge to help people. This knowledge is used in biomedical research. Biomedical research is a research concerning medicines that cure people scientifically unlike shamans that use spirits in healing. This is another factor that sets shamanism apart from science. Another factor that sets Science and Shamanism apart is the basic implicit principle in Shamanism that there are two realities and that the perception of each depends upon ones state of consciousness. In this principle 2 realities are stated. The first is â€Å"OR† or â€Å"ordinary reality† in which those in the ordinary state of consciousness (OSC) are the ones that are involved in this. Scientists and ordinary people are considered to belong in this â€Å"OR†. On the other hand Shamans believe that they do have another kind of reality. They call this the â€Å"NOR† or non-ordinary reality in which those in the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness† (SSC) are the only ones who can experience this. And lastly, people who believe that Science is more accurate never relied on Shamanism. Not only in medical purposes but also in anything that Science can prove and study. Thus, a boundary between people who believe in Science and the ones who have faith in Shamanism is made. Since Scientists study things very carefully before ordinary people deal with it, most of the western people believe that Shamanism is just a fiction. On the other hand the ones who believe in Shamanism also think the same way western people think. Because of this line people who have their own beliefs never tried or tested both. A very great example is during ancient times. Since then Science never believed and accepted that spirits are real. Historical origins prove the attacks of the Church on such pioneering scientists as Galileo and Copernicus during the Renaissance and Reformation. Up to the present Scientist never believed spirits. One of the great scientists that never believed spirits is Einstein. He believed spirits or souls are otherwise anathema and not acceptable as part of the paradigm. This results to the limitation of the parameters of science by decreeing that certain prior phenomena cannot have existence. It also resulted to limitation of science whose Achilles heel is founded upon an unproven belief: the belief that spirits, including souls, cannot exists. Science has never disproven the theory of the existence of spirits. Thus, disproof of theory, or falsification, is a cornerstone of scientific method(cf. Popper). As long as the theory of spirits cannot be falsified by science the line between Shamanism and Science will never be gone. However this factors that separate Science and Shamanism apart can still be bridged. As we all know healing both in Science and in Shamanism do have processes. These processes can be studied by science which I think has the greater knowledge to prove things. Once Science has discovered the way shamans heal they can infer scientific methods on the way and methods Shamans perform their healing. Not only that, from what I’ve read like Science, Shamanism can also be studied. Studying Shamanism can be one of the bridges that can unite the two. Another way to bridge the two is by scientist not only studying the Shamans’ methods but also by performing and being one of them. Thus, Scientists can train ecstatically and traditionally for them to have a greater knowledge of how Shamans communicate with spirits. In this ways scientist can perform trances that can make them one of the Shamans and be on the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness†. These trances will also help them feel and experience how Shamans talk with what they call spirits and how Shamans experience the non-ordinary reality. Lastly, as Scientists engage and be part of shamanic society there they can prove or falsify if Shamanism is either true or just a fiction. In order to bridge these two Scientists who have more knowledge and grasp of experimenting must use themselves as experiment samples for them to achieve what they want. If they have proven that Shamanism can be true then maybe somehow they can make a way to connect the way Shamans perform their methods because they themselves are also Shamans. In this way scientific method will therefore be broader and can be used in Shamanism. Thus, Shamanism can be considered a branch of science.

WATCH AMERICA MOVIE (1999) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WATCH AMERICA MOVIE (1999) - Essay Example The difference is that the director has given a comic touch, not with any intension to ridicule, but a reflection of realities such as the risks, experience and economy, which are compulsorily required to make films. Brochardt’s passion for films holds his frustrations and temperament within limits, and he is portrayed in such a way that till he completes the movie he never thinks of getting back form his desires over what he has headed for. In the beginning his intensions to make a movie called â€Å"NorthWestern† movie requires financial support and experience, so he changes his plan. His experience allows him to make up a horror short film and he decides that if he could sell 3000 copies of that movie’s videotape, he could plan a successful attempt to shoot his prime story Northwestern. Coven is supposed to be the horror film, which Brochardt has named, and though it might not look like a movie taken by experienced crew, the incidents covering the shooting spot probably helps the people to figure out reflections on Borchardt’s individuality, sincerity and interest and his flair for cinematography. His deep focus shot around the graveyard shows his talent and deep interest. The situations leading to a comic effect and Brochardt’s strong desires to achieve his dream will take away the notion of a documentary film. He also seems to have a depth of field which is reflected in his ideas about the Northwestern movie. Though â€Å"Coven† does not seem to materialize a good movie, the factors such as lack of professional team, financial support etc, could be added for the failure and low quality. But his interest and talents reflected on the spots gives way for the opinion that he too could make good movies provided the factors related to make movie reach him favourably. This is because he is very clear in his endeavour to reach the aim. The crew consist of his mother [ who likes to support him inspite of her lack of

Teamwork Makes a Dream Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teamwork Makes a Dream Work - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that team working/interpersonal skills is one of the seven skills listed by the Chartered Management Institute as essential for business management. Traditionally, management exercised control over the organization through planning and control, solving problems, making decisions and giving orientation, all by itself.   Problem-solving used to be the prerogative of the management. In modern times, the above mastership culture has transformed into team leadership characterized by empowered individuals. The team oriented management has come to be known as the second industrial revolution which the Fortune magazine calls as the great discovery of the 1990s. Management through teams has proved to be the cornerstone for many organizations to realize enhanced organizational effectiveness and productivity. Thus, traditional individualistic functioning has been replaced by team functioning in modern times. Team oriented management is a flexible or ganizational model with â€Å"laminar and flattened structure† as opposed to the traditional organizational structure wedded to top-down (hierarchical) functioning. This flexibility of approach towards problem-solving envisages participation of all the team members at the same time in the decision making and problem-solving processes. Due to the underlying commitment, the team members would never overlook the common objective and most importantly, the team-based functioning is a morale-booster, cost-cutting technique, means of improving quality and productivity, leading to the highest possible organizational performance.... The functional role is drawn from the role theory which emphasizes the role as a part of social structure in that everyone has a role to play in a given activity. The functional role theory is explained in two perspectives of behavioural perspective and expectancy perspective. The former is manifested in an individual who is given or who has assumed a certain position in a community. The latter is manifested as an expected behaviour of an individual occupying a definite position in a society. Belbin states that while functional role is for survival, team role consists of roles required for the pursuit of the common objective (Gunduz, 2008). Self-managing teams The concept of self-managing teams has been discussed as early as 1997. Organisations have embraced the practice of self-managing teams for the sake of flexibility, decision making at the front-end and exploitation of employees’ capabilities to the fullest extent. The rationale behind self-managing is to make employees f ully accountable for their actions/performance rather than being dependent on their managers. This practice of day-day to management has been found to improve organisational performance for reasons of closeness between the front end people and the customers, the potential to improve ‘organisational learning and adaptability’ enabled by the freedom with which the teams can experiment with their work so as to formulate their own unique methods of problem-solving and the employees’ commitment made possible by their wider participation (Belbin R. M., 2012) (Wageman, 1997). Mixed Results Self-managing team concept has its own drawbacks in spite of the promise it holds for