Positioning Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Positioning Challenges - Essay Example This enables a proficient X-ray hence preventing lordotic appearance. Correct lateral head positioning has proven to be a challenge considering the fatigue patients undergo during X-ray. A tangle in the head position mobilizes a short cone minimizing the long cones hence limited resulting image. In order to ensure a correct vertical angulation of the head during X-ray, various lines must lie parallel to the table top (Adler & Carlton, 2012). According to Rothbart Proprioceptive therapy the Median Sagittal line, which serves the role of a vertical line must lie parallel to the tabletop. The spinal segment prevents lateral displacement ensuring a steady posture during the X-ray process. Patients suffering from osteoporosis have painful experiences while sitting on the X-ray table. It is in this regard that positioning aids remain in use. To achieve an AP position, positioning aids such as radiolucent sponges and sandbags as well as mattress get applied (Adler & Carlton, 2012). The aids foresee a direct central ray perpendicular through the Patellofemoral joint hence leading to the success of an X-ray. Darrin is also used as an X-ray aid in an AP

Peace-Building Challenges in East Timor Essay Example for Free

Peace-Building Challenges in East Timor Essay For a country that was under the tyranny of a more powerful country for so long, independence, more often than not, is a word that entails and carries a better and promising future. Most countries enjoyed the benefits of having independence like gaining total control over their lands and most of all the whole population. Timor-Leste (East Timor’s official name), on the other hand, is a country that has a different scenario. Although the actual date of independence was around November of 1975, East Timor was touted to be the first independent country of the 21st century. But this fact didn’t give them enough time to prepare for an independent way of life. The reason behind this was the three hundred and more years of influence and oppression of the Portuguese empire. No wonder that even the culture and the way of thinking of most of the Timorese were a lot different compared to the time when the Portuguese did not rule them. Then after exactly nine days of independence from the Portuguese, East Timor was taken off guard by the invasion of their neighboring country, Indonesia1. Obviously, this was one of the immediate problems that confronted the newly independent country. In fact the invasion became their greatest problem that East Timor sought the help of their former invader. Portugal then turned to the UN and the Security Council to do something about the situation. In response to Portugal’s appeal, the UN gave the Indonesian army a resolution condemning their actions but they were hesitant to do anything else. It was only after twenty-four years did the Timorese people gained back their complete independence. The 24-year military occupation of the Indonesian troop was a brutal experience for the East Timor people. In September 1999, the world witnessed the war between the Indonesian Army and the East Timorese militant after voting for the Independency of the country2. Even though more than a decade had passed since their independence and more than five years since they were self-governing, it will take more than just mere decades to remove the trauma, patterns of criminality and violence, injustice and isolation in the people’s system3. This is one of the immediate problems that East Timor is facing. The nature of the East Timor’s long-term problem falls under the category of standing on it’s own foot. Governing the whole country while enduring the effects of the precedent events is taking its toll on the administration. Scheiner notes that, ‘National visions, shared struggles and promises of prosperity no longer suffice to unify the one million citizens of one of the world’s least developed countries. ’ East Timor endured its past problems with the help of other countries. It is due time to stand up on its own. The problem now lies in the midst of the country and between its people.

Horacio V De La Costa Theology Religion Essay

Horacio V De La Costa Theology Religion Essay Horacio V. De la Costa came into existence at the 9th of May 1916 in Maà ºban, Quezon. His parents, a prominent law magistrate Sixto de la Costa and a modest woman Emiliana Villamayor raised and sent him to a public school in Batangas. Right after his elementary studies, Horacio began his schooling in Ateneo de Manila where he pursued academic excellence (being a graduate of Summa Cum Laude in Bachelor of Arts) and student leadership (being a profound writer and editor of the campus newspaper, Guidon). Upon graduation, he realized that he wanted to serve God by exercising his awe-inspiring gifts in writing. He fulfilled his Masters Degree in the Sacred Heart Novitiate in Novaliches, and became a Jesuit and a writer. For two years, Horacio stayed in Ateneo de Manila to teach and enlighten students in the aspects of Philosophy and History. In his professional career, this young intelligent Jesuit composed witty programs such as Kuwentong Kutsero, which portrayed humorous and sarcastic stories of the Manila life; and Teban: The Calesa Diver that mirrored the ongoing dispute in the 1940 Rizal Bill. His television shows turned out to be a nationwide sensation. When the Japanese government invaded Philippines, Horacio was held captive in Fort Santiago for two months because of resistance whereabouts. He assisted in charitable activities such as offering clothes and medical treatments to Filipino and American combatants who have avoided imprisonment. After the end of World War II, Horacio was bestowed the Medal of Freedom by the American Government then, enrolled in Woodstock College, Maryland for theological studies. At age 30, Horacio was ordained as a Jesuit Priest by Bishop John F. McNamara. Also, Horacio attained a doctorate degree in History at Harvard University. As Horacio returned to the Philippines, he became the first Filipino Dean of Ateneo de Manila University in 1953 then, assumed a role as the consultant of the Philippine province of the Society of Jesus in 1958. A scholarship fund from Smith-Mundt-Fuldright enabled him to become a research assistant in London School of Oriental and Africa Studies. Throughout his life, he obtained honorary doctorates from the University of Santo Tomà ¡s, Tokyos Sophia University, and Dumaguetes Silliman University. At age 55, Horacio became the First Filipino Provincial Superior of the Society of Jesus. Two years later, he was appointed as the General Assistant of Fr. Pedro Arrupe, Superior General of the Society of Jesus. Due to his Historical works, he was presented the Republic Heritage Award by the late Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal. Before his death due to Cancer on the 20th of March 1977, he attended the Jesuits General Congregation in Rome to deliver a speech regarding The Jesuits Today. Horacio had given inspiration towards his government-employed colleagues in the likes of Raul Sevilla Manglapus, Jesus Paredes, and former Chief Justice Claudio Teehankee. But what is success for the college graduate and the professional. Surely it is not simply getting rich; joining the affluent establishment; a bungalow in Makati, a mustang fastback, and Paris in the spring, surely it is service.  ¬ Horacio V. De la Costa Teaching with Authority The best example of teaching with authority would be Jesus Christ. Fr. De la Costa said, He taught them as one having authorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He did not need to cite sources and other authorities for his authority came from within, from his deep relationship and union with God, His Father. Fr. Dela Costa believes that teaching should come not from norms but within, like Jesus Christ who based all His teachings from His relationship with God. Also, we can say that Fr. Dela Costa meant that teaching should be a vocation, one teaches not for fame and glory but to be able to share the knowledge that one has also been able to gain from other teachers. This authority is life-giving for one gives and gives without seeking for anything in return. The Joy of Suffering Fr. Horacio Dela Costa explains how the Catholic faithful find happiness in their belief when the very symbol of its Church is the Cross, a symbol that usually suggests suffering. Father Dela Costas contention is that one must face suffering to face it, to take it, and to make it work for you. He further notes that avoiding or denying suffering into ones life is not a wise choice as it is an inevitable scenario. He quotes, Into each life, some rain must fall, some days must be dark and dreary. This quotation of his suggests the reality of one having to experience suffering in some points of his life. Father Dela Costa gave attention to the reality that pain bothers people as they go on with their lives. Some really get a difficult time and asks why God must permit pain in their lives. Father Dela Costa downplays this question being brought up by the people due to the agony they are experiencing. He suggests that the better way to see it is to find out how to use pain, profit by it, make it pay. He moves that instead of questioning pain, one may live better using it for his own benefit. Father Dela Costa clarifies the two ways of dealing with pain: undergoing accepting. He suggests that the difference lies in getting killed (undergoing pain), or laying down ones life (accepting pain). For the former it is like dying by accident, say, drowning while leisurely swimming by the ocean and for the latter, drowning saving anothers life. The one who accepted pain died for a noble cause, serving his neighbor. This kind of dealing with pain, acceptance, is exemplified by the Cross of Christ. Through Christ We learn not merely to undergo suffering but to accept it. Christ, being divine, understands that He does not need to experience suffering but He chose to suffer for our sake. By his sufferings, we are healed, says Father Dela Costa. Light Cavalry Fr. Horacio de la Costa tells us the story of the beginning of the Ateneo de Manila and the Jesuit schools here in the Philippines. He talks about building a bridge by which the professors will be able to pass from their living quarters to the school. Over time, the bridge did not change nor did the stream of learning that ran through it. This bridge that Fr. Horacio is talking about may not be physically present now, but the image and symbolism that this bridge carries is still with us. The image of the bridge is being referred to as the Ignatian spirituality in Education. This bridge is used when the Jesuits are talking about the intensifying of the bridges across mountains and seas between the five Ateneos, in Manila, Naga, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Zamboanga. It was a bridge between Jesuits, lay coworkers, and co-leaders in the mission of the Ateneos and between different generations of leaders. That single bridge over Anda Street in 1859 has become an interconnected world, a network of bridges across time, space, and cultures. In this globalizing world, the role of the educational apostolate has always been so vital for the Jesuits here in the Philippines, since one of the most important shifts of this world is the move from the industrial to the knowledge society. Teaching and researching in Jesuit educated schools must point towards the greater good and utmost importance that you safeguard the humanistic tradition so fundamental to our Ignatian educational heritage. Fr. Horacio de la Costa introduced the idea of Cura personalis, which means, care for the entire person. This concept implies that each and everyone should lend a helping hand to those who are needy. By living out this notion, human beings should respect their neighbors unique situations and worries as well as deficiencies. This has been the standing ground of Ignatian Spirituality utilized by Catholic conventions.

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expression :: Essays Papers

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expression Greater political influence and Canada's official policy of multiculturalism have both contributed to a dramatic increase in the cultural activity of Native Canadians in the latter part of the twentieth century. Government sponsorship of the arts, with, in particular, its tendency to support the work of those from "ethnic minorities", has granted a degree of public exposure to artists who would otherwise have had great difficulty in getting it. This page only discusses First Nations literature written in English, although there is plenty going on in the other arts, and in Native languages. Natives who write in English and who are published by a mainstream publisher are inevitably participating in the public sphere of the settler culture, and this fact produces all kinds of interesting tensions in their work, because they are very often trying to recover some sort of sense of indigineity, trying to re-establish connections with traditional cultures whose remoteness or tenuousness is a function of the dominant culture with which they are engaging. The best of the writers recognise this as an inescapably problematic situation, and seek to use the contradiction as a source of creative energy. One of the commonest ways of exploring this is the attempt to bring traditional oral story telling features into the written literary format. This can be done through the inclusion of aural effects such as repetition, or through the inclus ion of traditional characters. One of the problems which Western critics and readers face when confronted by Native literature is that there is a danger when it comes to the application of Western norms of interpretation and evaluation. Native texts can often work in unfamiliar ways and serve unfamiliar purposes. Thus, a reader who is expecting a narrative progression and climax from a piece of prose may well be disappointed. What Native writers are very often trying to achieve with their writing is a kind of pictorial representation of a community, without the privileging of particular characters or events. These stories can often be interpreted more readily as an embodiment of Native values and cultural codes.

Evolution of Women’s Rights Since 19th Century

Equality Rights 1 The Evolution of the Extension of Equality Rights from Classical to Modern Liberalism Malak Alkadri Social Studies 30 Mrs. Kadaoui November 30, 2012 Equality Rights 2 Towards the latter part of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, classical liberalism underwent great modifications in terms of equality rights. Its modified form even came to be known as modern or positive liberalism. It differed from classical liberalism in so far as it emphasized the significance and rationality of equal opportunities and justice.Modern liberalism has promoted the positive rather than the negative aspects of the liberation movement. The extension of women’s equality rights of the final step in the revolution of classical liberalism to modern liberalism has extended this particular group’s rights economically, socially and politically to an uttermost extent. Initially, women’s lives have improved economically. Modern liberalism has come to in terpret freedom as involving a right to basic requirements of the development and security necessary to assure the equal opportunity and personal dignity of women.Nevertheless, in the nineteenth century’s Victorian era, the emergence of women’s rights was limited. Feminism had influenced the ideology of separate spheres in which men inhabit the public sphere – the world of politics, commerce and law – and women inhabit the private realm of domestic life – child caring, housekeeping and so on (Christison, etal. 2009, p. 158). Women of all classes worked hard, yet, were still a supply of cheap labour. Whereas today, more women are employed, more girls are being educated, women are living longer and having fewer children, and the number of females in business and in politics has increased dramatically.According to the Center for Women's Business Research, female entrepreneurs generate $2. 3 trillion to the Equality Rights 3 American economy and emplo y more than 18 million people (qtd. In newint. org). One area in which women have made major progress in is education. Modernly, more women are enrolled in law school, medical school, and schools of business and finance. Young women today do not feel  social pressure to pursue only those professions which were once traditionally reserved for them, most commonly teaching and nursing.As a result, millions of women today succeed in professions that were completely closed to them in the past, such as working in open, public areas rather than at home or in healthcare areas. Also, women’s economic rights and acceptance have evolved dramatically since the final evolution of equality rights in the classical liberalism. Women have now acquired the freedom to work as they please, with rather no restrictions and a lot less government involvement. Women's economic authority has severely improved in the modern setting as opposed to thirty years ago, when women were first entering the wo rkplace.It was a rare occurrence, and rather â€Å"odd† at that time to see women at work, and now it is something common, accepted, and even encouraged. Surely, on a social level, women’s rights have defiantly evolved in the way people collaborate and treat women. There has been a collective change of consciousness in how men are expected by law to communicate with women in the workplace. While some personal Equality Rights 4 attitudes might not have changed; men and women both understand that the workplace is to be a setting to be free of hurtful and insensitive comments.Additionally, women have successfully fought for family leave rights. Afterwards, the occurrence of the â€Å"Family and Medical Leave Act† had emerged in the US by federal law in 1993 (qtd. in en. wikipedi. org). The fight is more prevalent now than it was back then. However, focusing on the cases of the United States and England, we show that the historical expansion of women’s rights also unfolded through equal treatment in the labour market. In contrast, in most African countries women gained formal political rights, at the end of colonialism before receiving economic rights.Moreover, there are many specific traditions such as foot binding and child marriage, which impact the rights of women that are specific to certain cultures. Contemporary phenomena, such as HIV/AIDS also represent challenges to gender equality that were not present in earlier time periods (Kristof and WuDunn 2009). Likewise, women’s political rights have also been extended now than ever before. You may agree that the near end of the classical period is similar to modern liberalism because people with disabilities, prison inmates, women eighteen year of age and older, and nationsEquality Rights 5 such as the Inuit without surrendering their culture were allowed to vote hence, there has not been much change in the political rights of women. I beg and plead to differ. Thirty years ago, all types of women eighteen and older may have been granted the right to vote but that’s as far as it went. Now, women are CEOs and presidential candidates. Hillary Clinton for example, serves as an American Secretary of the United States. Women are now not only given the right to vote, but the right to be voted for. Currently, US citizens can vote in the US elections.Yet, back when the country was founded; in most states, only men with real property or substantial wealth were permitted to vote. Almost all women and their votes were denied at the time. Now, since the US constitution, every individual has gained the right to vote. Although, in the 1920’s, the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labour is formed to collect information about women in the workforce and safeguard good working conditions for women (Ann-Marie Imbornoni. 2009). You may say that the workforce now-a-days also provides a great source of security and freedom for women similar to the 19th c entury.Not necessarily. The freedom of women in the workforce has also been extended. President Baraak Obama, for instance, signed the Lily Ledbetter Fairpay Restoration Act, which allows victims of pay discrimination to send a complaint to the government against their employer within 180 days of their last pay check. Previously, victims (most often women) are now allowed to claim an unjust pay check whereas Equality Rights 6 back in the 19th century, their freedoms were under more authority than they are in the modern society (Ann-Marie Imbornoni. 009) Finally, the evolution of the equality rights of women has extremely extended since classical liberalism in the 19th century. The rights of women have extended in several different aspects especially in terms of economical, social and political rights. Men and women are now equal in regards to occupations, elections, education, job pay checks, security, and collaboration. Despite the amount of freedom women have gained, it is no long er a shock to see a women play what was then called a â€Å"man’s role† in society. Women have the right to not only vote but run for candidates as well.Young women today are not enforced to occupy the domestic part of life, or jobs that were traditionally reserved for them. Millions of women today succeeded in professions that were completely prohibited to them in the past, such as working in open, public areas. Women’s economic rights and acceptance have evolved dramatically since the final evolution of equality rights in the classical liberalism. â€Å"I do not think, sir, you have any right to command me, merely because you are older than I, or because you have seen more of the world than I have; your claim to superiority depends on the use you have made of your time and experience. (Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre Equality Rights 7 References Imbornoni, Ann-Marie. â€Å"Women's Rights Movement in the U. S. : Timeline of Events (1921-1979). 30 Nov. 2012. ;http ://www. infoplease. com/spot/womenstimeline2. html; â€Å"What women have gained and what they are in danger of losing — New Internationalist. †Ã‚  New Internationalist. Nikki van der Gaag, n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2004. ;http://www. newint. org/features/2004/11/01/women-want/; Lambert, Tim. â€Å"Women's Jobs in History. â€Å"A World History Encyclopedia. Tim Lambert, 14 Jan. 2012. Web. 14 Jan. 2021. ;http://www. localhistories. org/womensjobs. html;

Learning Styles and Personality Types in a Group Dynamic

Learning Styles and Personality Types in a Group Dynamic When working in a group environment, one will encounter different people who think, learn and act in different ways. In order to succeed, we must understand these differences and how to use them to our advantage while working with others. Multiple Intelligences When Gardner developed his Multiple Intelligence theory, it gave people a new insight to the way we learn. This breakthrough also helped us to work more effectively with one another as well as how to better communicate with each other. Verbal-Linguistic Someone who is Verbal-Linguistic is very simply good with language. A Verbal-Linguistic person will excel with writing, talking or listening. Therefore, to better work with this type of an individual, one should either write notes or have a face-to-face conversation. This way the Verbal-Linguistic person can best understand and contribute to the group. Intrapersonal Intrapersonal individuals excel at being alone and their own thoughts and feelings. They may at first seem to be a detriment to a group because of their tendency to want to be quiet and observe. This behavior may be seen by others as someone who does not want to work together or contribute, which can lead to conflict. To work with someone who is intrapersonal, one should be aware that they might not express their ideas openly. Any tasks that need to be done that don’t involve the group as a whole could be delegated to this individual. Visual-Spatial Artwork, design and formatting are all things Visual-Spatial people do best. When working with someone who is Visual-Spatial, it will help to not give long speeches. Visual-Spatial learners best learn and contribute through the use of pictures, maps and diagrams. To effectively make use of these individuals, any tasks that relate to this would be best. Personality Types According to the Myers-Briggs Personality Test, there are four types of personalities: thinker, organizer, giver and adventurer. When working in a group, it is beneficial and essential to understand what types of personalities lie within your group. Organizer If someone is an organizer, they tend to be focused on details. This is good for a group because they will be very thorough in each task making sure everything is complete and accurate. To best work with organizers, make sure each requirement is clear and defined and everything is understood and laid out in a clear manner. Adventurer Adventurers seek to do things in a non-conventional way. They may want to take a more active approach to the project as opposed to standard discussions and writing. In some groups this may be seen as a waste of time or unwillingness to complete the task up to the group standard. Allowing adventurers to take a different approach, even if it is not used in the final product, will not only allow them to understand the material better, but it could also add different elements into the group project that might not have been thought of that could raise the quality of the project as a whole. Thinker When working with thinkers, it is important to understand the need to work alone. Like individuals who are intrapersonal, thinkers work best by themselves. To help make them feel more at ease in a group environment, allow them to complete tasks that do not require the entire group. While working with the group at large, thinkers will be useful to solve problems the group may be facing during a task. Conclusion Assessing the learning styles and personality types of the members in your group is essential to the group’s ultimate success. Failure to use member’s strengths could result in conflicts and not achieving the goals the group has set. When each member is utilized in a way that they are strong in and in a way they are comfortable in, they will not only be productive and active within a group, but also achieve a higher quality of work which will only help the whole group succeed.

Bias in News Media essays

Bias in News Media essays It is no mystery that the media has much power in setting cultural guidelines and in shaping political discourse. This is why it is very important that the media is challenged every so often to be fair and accurate, in order to avoid bias. One way the media can show bias is in who they choose to interview. More often than not they will over-rely on "official" sources such as government, corporate and establishment think tanks. For example, FAIR found that in 40 months of Nightline programming, the most frequent guests were Henry Kissinger, Alexander Haig, Elliott Abrams and Jerry Falwell. Progressive and public interest voices were seldomly represented. In order for the media to accurately portray issues, they need to broaden their range of sources. If they do not, those in power have all the say so and the little guys lose out. Another way in which the news can be biased is in lack of diversity. If you really pay attention, how many producers or editors at media outlets are women, colored people, or openly gay or lesbian? For news outlets to fairly and accurately represent a variety of communities, they need to have members of all different races and ethnicities in high up, decision making positions. In a recent study, FAIR's 40-month survey of Nightline found its U.S. guests to be 92 percent white and 89 percent male. A similar survey of PBS's News Hour found its guest list was 90 percent white and 87 percent male. A big problem in news coverage now a days is stereotypes skewing coverage. More and more is seems like coverage of the drug crisis focuses almost all of its attention on African Americans, despite the fact that the majority of drug users are white. Also, coverage of women on welfare focuses tremendously on African-American women, even thought the majority of welfare recipients are not black. More often than not lesbians are shown as "man-hating" and gay men are portrayed as "sexual predators." Interes...

Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Essays

Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Essays Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Paper Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Paper Hewlett-Packard or HP as normally known is a taking planetary supplier of merchandises. engineerings. package. solutions. and services to single consumers. small-and-medium-sized concern and big endeavors. including clients in the authorities. wellness and instruction sectors as stated in their 2011 10-K Report. HP was founded in 1939 by William R. Hewlett and David Packard ; started its incorporation in California by 1947 and alter it to Delaware in May 1998. Their concern operations are organized in seven sections. but the undermentioned four are the 1s that generate HP’s greatest net incomes and have a considerable market portion: * The Personal System Group: concern and Consumer PCs. Mobile calculating devices and workstation * Servicess: consulting. outsourcing. and engineering services in substructure. applications. and concern procedure domains * The Imaging and Printing Group: inkjet. LaserJet and Commercial printing. printing providers * Enterprise Business: concern merchandises including storage and waiters. endeavor service. package and networking. The other three are besides HP’s concern sections. but they do non hold every bit much relevancy as the three mentioned above. These include: HP package. HP fiscal services. and Corporate Investments. Porter’s Five-Forces Analysis for HP â€Å"To position alteration in the market as an chance to turn ; to utilize our net incomes and our ability to develop and bring forth advanced merchandises. services and solutions that satisfy emerging client demands. HP’s Vision Statement† HP understands that Products Life Cycles are short. and for that ground they must develop new merchandises and services. and heighten their bing 1s to stay efficaciously competitory. They besides realize that their strategic direction is a competitory advantage to future success of the company. Although on a gross footing. HP is the largest company and among the leader in the four concern sections. they acknowledge the competitory environment in each of these sections coming from major corporations that have long-established places. and besides from a big figure of new and quickly growing houses. In order to hold a better apprehension of the company we shall get down by making a thorough analysis of the industry construction that drives competition and profitableness at HP. For this. we will utilize Porter’s Five Competitive Forces Analysis model to find HP’s restraints. growing. and other profitableness drivers that would do us understand more about the engineering industry. 1. Menace of New Entrants Since the engineering industry provides higher net incomes and returns ; it will ensue in pulling many new entrants due to the being of moderate low barriers in the industry. Most companies in the industry have already achieved economic systems of graduated table as a competitory advantage. Some of the factors that new entrants might confront in the industry would be: 1. 1 High Capital Requirement. Technology companies need high capital demands to research and develop new merchandises due to rapid and uninterrupted technological alteration. but these do non forestall competition from come ining the industry. However. in order to bring forth cost efficiencies in order to bring forth net incomes. outsourced fabrication is used and in some instances. third-party OEM’s. Within the imagination and printing section of the concern. there will be much more capital demands since a batch of the parts are more specific to the industry based on their R A ; D degrees and merchandise design. 1. 2 Product Differentiation. The manner HP designed their personal systems and pressmans are geared to be consistent and alone. They have adopted Apples ergonomic keyboard design which some Personal computer makers have non yet done and supply fashionable. customizable forms and designs alone to HP. such as those seen on the dorsum of an HP laptop. This alone consistence helps to retain loyal HP clients and to maintain them on HP merchandise. whether it is a personal computing machine. a pressman. or a camera. New entrants have a changeless demand for engineering betterment to catch the customers’ attending. HP announced recently its desire to come in the package industry. The company realizes that is viing with two large participants who have most of the market portion in the United states: Prophet and Microsoft. this will do it hard for HP to entree this specific industry. These two companies have placed their merchandises and trade name consciousness in the market and they are recognized worldwide. For case the high barrier to entry the market would do HP costs higher to develop a new merchandise and riskier to come in the market in a timely mode. Although HP has customers’ trueness and trade name consciousness. a challenge for HP would be to do its trade name well-known in the really competitory and concentrated package industry. It would be hard for HP have clients dedicated to its trade name. There is presently a strong competition among the established companies that makes it more hard to new entrants to the market. 1. 3 Switch overing Costss. Within the endeavor concern section. there is a high degree of exchanging costs to the companies utilizing HP waiters and package. The decomposition and reintegration of new waiters and package will be expensive to the company utilizing it and puts a barrier on those trying to come in. Since most merchandises are standardize or compatible in the industry. if a new entrant decides to do peripherals entirely for its merchandise line. so consumers’ pockets will endure the downside of it. 1. 4 Supply-side economic systems of graduated table HP ships 48 million Personal computer units yearly and is able to be cost effectual in making custom Personal computer units to single clients every bit good as by supplying standard. low-price units in retail locations and by other distribution agencies. It would be hard for companies to be able to be as cost effectual as HP and still supply the same degree of assortment and customizability in the Personal Systems Group. Furthermore. one out of every three waiters shipped worldwide comes from HP. HP has a big economic system of scale built into endeavor concerns and they provide the substructure necessary for the concern to obtain and keep unafraid information via databases and cloud storage. In other words. they are integrated into other concerns and supply support for their systems including package and proficient support. doing it hard to acquire the endeavor concern to exchange information systems. 2. Menace of Substitute Merchandises The menace of replacement products/services is average. There is moderate low menace of replacement products/services in six out of seven concern sections. In the Personal Systems Group. the biggest menace to consumer Personal computers is the tablet and cell phones. More specifically. they are the biggest replacement for any portable electronic device. capable of making everything a notebook can make and more. The creative activity of the tablet and the usage of cell phones to look into electronic mail and entree the web are get downing to make state of affairss where notebooks are going less and less used since the information needed can be easy pulled up on a phone or tablet. HP has created tablets every bit good. but utilizing their ain package that is 5 or more old ages behind those who presently dominate the tablet market. What makes Apple and Google tablets more resourceful is that even after the fact the consumer will hold to pass clip acquiring used to a full touch screen show and other boring exchanging ordeals. is the simpleness behind the usage of applications by which the consumer can form specific tools of their day-to-day life behind a thin piece of glass and metal. Even though there are significantly low menaces in the other concern sections. the overall menace should be considered medium because the creative activity of the tablet being used on popular and specific package can drive the other sections down when concerns look to utilize package and potentially even hardware for their concern public-service corporations. 3. Dickering Power of Customers – Work In Progress Product Differentiation should be a competitory advantage for HP. since this will impact chiefly the bargaining power of purchasers. HP is one of a smattering of technological companies with an extended portfolio of concerns crossing Personal Computing to Imaging and Printing and Technology Solutions/Software which makes their client base. both current and future. really big. Unlike many of HP’s rivals. HP must apportion resources across their portfolio while viing with companies that specialize in one or more of the same merchandise lines ensuing in less investing in certain sections than rivals. The subsequent consequence of decreasing investings in certain sections is the lowering of monetary values of many merchandises and services to remain competitory particularly in the personal computer science section. Because there are so many participants in the personal computer science sphere whom are all competing for larger parts of market portion. they are willing to cut down their gross borders and cut costs which increase the competitory monetary value force per unit area. For many personal computer science companies. cutting cost is easy due to the fact that they chiefly are focused on cost effectivity. while HP focuses on invention. With a focal point on invention there comes research and development and its related costs. HP spends a proportionally greater sum on research and development ( $ 3. 2 billion in 2011 ) than some of its rivals. therefore increasing its cost construction. which consequences in unfavourable monetary value points for clients. The effect is a client base willing to buy from a rival. Because of the broad array of rivals using. more or less. the same package. it becomes a Numberss game and consumers tend to be highly monetary value medium. 4. Dickering Power of Suppliers- Work in Process HP depends on third-party providers for constituents. merchandises and services. The company’s ability to function its client at a competitory monetary value depends on its suppliers’ ability to present sufficient measures of quality constituents. merchandises and services at sensible monetary values in clip to run into agendas. The company’s broad assortment of systems. merchandises and services require it to beginning from the big figure of providers and contract makers that are dispersed across the Earth. and the long lead times that are required to fabricate. assemble and present certain constituents and merchandises. There could be other provider jobs that the company may confront including component deficits. extra supply. hazards related to the footings of contracts with providers. hazards associated with contingent workers. and hazards related to its relationships with individual beginning providers. An illustration of a provider with strong bargaining power would be Intel. HP would be in a really hard place since most PC’s proprietors prefer Intel trade name as their chief processor. This would set HP in a weak place and this is the chief ground why others in the concern have their ruin by non holding a weak power of bargaining among providers like Intel. For case. replacing a individual beginning provider may detain production of some merchandises as replacing providers ab initio may be capable to capacity restraints or other end product restrictions. For some constituents. such as customized constituents and some of the processors that HP obtains from Intel. alternate beginnings may non be or those alternate beginnings may be unable to bring forth the measures of those constituents necessary to fulfill the company’s production demands. In add-on. the company sometimes purchases constituents from individual beginning providers under short-run understandings that contain favourable pricing and other footings. but that may be one-sidedly modified or terminated by the provider with limited notice and with small or no punishment. Dependence on third-party providers exposes the company to put on the line associated with its ability to pull off providers decently. The company’s inability to pull off providers decently may impact its operating public presentation and trade name value. 5. Competitive Rivalry within an Industry The strength of competition in the engineering industry is great due to the great figure of participants in the market. HP competes on the footing of monetary value. quality. trade name. engineering. repute. distributions and scope of merchandise. HP challengers are well-known established companies that are really aggressive in all countries of their concern activities: * HP competes straight with Toshiba. Lenovo Group and Aver in the personal system group concern section. * In term of endeavor waiter and storage. IBM is the biggest rival. * Canon USA. Lexmark International. Xerox corporate. and Samsung are rivals in imaging and publishing countries. * In add-on. HP besides faced the competition from re-manufacturers such as Lexmark. HP merchandise life‘s rhythm are short. therefore it must stay competitory by developing new merchandises and services sporadically. HP‘s competitory advantages include its wide merchandise portfolio. its’ invention and research and de velopment capablenesss. its’ ability to cross-sell its’ portfolio of offerings and the handiness of broad-based distribution of merchandises from retail and commercial channels to direct gross revenues.

Spanish Romantic Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Spanish Romantic Drama - Essay Example Certainly, in comparison with the British, the German and even the French romantics, the Spanish appear rather theatrical and melodramatic. That does not mean, however, as some have suggested, that Spain never really experienced a European Romantic phase. Instead, the implication is that nineteenth century Spanish romanticism was distinguished from that common to Europe because it expressed the very nature of Spain itself; the land, the people, the national temperament, its myths and history. Spanish romanticism was, needless to say, incontrovertibly theatrical and highly melodramatic but only because it was expressive of the Spanish spirit itself. Indeed, Spanish romanticism was a creation of the Spanish spirit and, as such, was highly individualistic although rarely subjective; extrovert, rather than introvert; epic and dramatic, as compared to lyrical; satirical and comical, even as it expresses the tragedy of life; the anti-thesis of classicism even though it never rebels against it; and, rather than signal a rupture with earlier literary trends, acknowledged them. Spanish romanticism was, in other words, unique to the country itself. The highly emotive and theatrical nature of Spanish romanticism has been attested to be numerous critics, many of whom sought its defence by asserting it to be a politico-cultural genre of Romanticism which should not be evaluated against the criteria established by European Romanticism. Plaja, one of the first to offer a theoretical defence of Spanish romanticism against the accusation that it perverted classical Romantic renditions, claimed that it was a romantic reformulation of the Baroque tradition. 3 Peers, only partially agreeing with the aforementioned through a concession to the discrete threats of Baroque-ism which ran through the Spanish romantic literary tradition, defined it as a revival of Span's inherently romantic national culture and a rejection of both Europe and Europe's rejection of Spain.4 Eschewing both interpretations, Castro maintained that Spanish Romanticism was neither a transhistorical indigenous literary movement nor a revival of Baroque forms but an exploration and recreation of the self in response to metaphysical questionings and crises.5 While largely conceding to the uniqueness of Spanish romanticism, there is a persistent lack of consensus within literary circles regarding the theoretical framework and definitional parameters of Spanish romanticism. Accordingly, questions pertaining to the characteristics, peculiarities, definitional elements and sources of Spanish romanticism were central to a number of highly influential writings on the topic. These works which include King's "What is Spanish Romanticism"6 Shaw's "Towards the Understanding of Spanish Romanticism,"7 and Vincent Llorens' Liberales y romnticos, proceed from the premise that Spanish romanticism was not a literary phenomenon as much as it was a declaration of a shift in worldview. The political turmoil and conflict which Spain experienced at the onset of the nineteenth century and which forced many of its intellectuals, writers and statesmen, among them Duque de Rivas and Francisco Martinez de la Rosa, popularly regarded as the founders of Spanish rom anticism, into exile, ultimately lent to the articulation and adoption of a liberal worldview. Within literary circles, that liberal worldview translated into a romanticism which quintessentially Spanish and nostalgically nationalistic. It was, in other words, a "national-romantisme"8 and, as such, highly sentimental, lending to extremely theatrical dramatic productions. The sheer theatricality, however, of plays such as "Don lvaro o la fuerza del sino" and "La conjuracin de Venecia" should not, if understood from within

Product Design Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Product Design Project - Term Paper Example Being a client representative, the project manager provides the consumer with online access to various reports on the project progress, and other documentations so they can follow the progress of a project (Lock, 2007). Introduction Nokia is a global provider of mobile phones whose headquarters are based in Finland which started out as a wood pulp mill in 1856 in Finland (Monaghan, 2013). The company majors in producing mobile cell phones and portable technological devices as well as internet services like games, applications, media, music, messaging and navigation services. Before 2012, Nokia was the largest mobile phone vendor globally but the growing popularity of touchscreen smartphones has reduced its market shares and subsequently fallen from its position of glory. Over the past few years, financial problems have seen the downsizing of its staff and eventually Microsoft purchased the company, although finalization of the deal is still ongoing (Monaghan, 2013). Thesis: discuss t he project management of a design process of a phone in the Nokia Company with detailed view of the schedule and duration as well as the ethical and diversity issues considered in the undertaking of the project. The paper aims to show ways in which the product design process can be modified to improve on the process and the effects of changing the organization of the chronology of the steps of the process. The main challenge of managing a project process is to meet the project objectives within the limitations of time, quality, funding, scope, deliverables and other constraints (Nokes & Kelly, 2007). Project management utilizes the use of a SWOT analysis to address issues in a design process. A SWOT analysis, acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, is a process that identifies the various strong and weak points of a product, design process or company resulting in an appropriate plan of action (Luo & Design 2004). Method Information was collected by the supervis ors during the scoping of the project through online forums for developers and customers reviews through emails and the company website and SWOT analysis implemented on the data collected. This provided the project management with the necessary work structure required to undertake the various activities in the project effectively. Strengths Nokia is a global company that provides quality service to its consumers and hence attracts quality employees all around the world providing job opportunities and satisfying consumer needs (Haikio, 2002). It invests in producing products that are simple in structure depending on the sale value of the product. This ensures the product is safe from damage of the screen and other delicate parts due to low impact unlike other companies’ products which are completely vulnerable to damage on low impact. The Symbian technology in Nokia phones is stable and user friendly and when compared to the android platform, Symbian phones are less likely to crash due to software complications. The incorporation of windows mobile by Nokia was also a major step in the improvement of the phone experience of Nokia consumers. The company provides applications from its developers as well as third party developers through its website or through pre-installed applications. For similar market prices with most android phones, Nokia provides better camera capabilities in its products. The company pro

Writting assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writting - Assignment Example ovide for all recognized subsequent events provided the availability of additional evidence in their financial statements considering the availability of this information during the date of the balance sheet or the development of the financial statements. In cases that a probability exist weighing on which a liability has been incurred provides for the reasonable estimation of the liability. 25-8 provides for the creation of the recognition of a loss contingency once the range in which the loss falls is probable for estimation (Accounting Standards Codification, n.d). In the same context, the retirement of an asset proves possible once the uncertainties provided become certain, and the company comprehends the effect caused in totality. During the development of the financial statements of December 31, 2007, the company needed to provide for the uncertainty in its records and based on the estimate developed, it proved necessary to include the rough estimate of $17million in the financials as liability. During the year 2009, the record of the liability stated as $17 million needed amending since the ruling had been made on the case providing for $18 million despite the appeal holding. In 2010, W filed for appeal against the ruling of the court of appeal on the matter. This leaves uncertainty still surrounding the matter and hence the need to continue holding the liability stated in the books. According to the ASC 410-30 dealing with asset retirement, it is only recognized once fully ascertained which ascertainment occurred in 2011 after W lost the appeal. It is, therefore, prudent for the effect of the appeal to occur in 2011 in the financials of M. The company needs to have all the liabilities recognized the right and recorded in the books of accounts based on the Accounting Standards provided. These all provide for the company to have its books and reports run in accordance with the accounting principles providing a true and fair view in the company’s

Cultural and Intellectual Developments Annotated Bibliography

Cultural and Intellectual Developments - Annotated Bibliography Example From the source it is evident that the 1950s saw China adopt a strategy of collectivization of agriculture based on the model that was being applied by the Soviet Union. Yun expressed hope that the industrialization of the country based on the five year plan would guarantee the country economic independence and freedon to avoid relying on imperialists. This source is important to the research as it provides good ground for understanding the course China, under Mao Tse-Tung, took toward achieving economic development. Tse-Tung, Mao. â€Å"Let Us Unite And Clearly Distinguish Between Ourselves And The Enemy†. Speech delivered at the thirty-eighth meeting of the Standing Committee of the First National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference August 4, 1952. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_22.htm This source is a speech by Mao Tse-Tung, the leader of China at the time the speech was being made. In the source Tse-Tung traces the situations that China has gone through over the years. He emphasizes that China needed to increase its production and apply strict economy for its gowth. The leader noted that the three evils and the five evils movements had been successful and that the country was getting more economically stable. Among other things, the Korean war, resistance against U.S. aggression, corruption, waste and bureaucracy were noted by Tse-tung to be major hurdles to the economic growth of the nation. This source is significant for the study since it gives an insight into the progress that China made under Mao and the political upheavals that led to its slow growth. Richard Bush was a one time acting director of the American Institute in Taiwan and is currently a director of Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies (CNAPS) affiliated with the Brookings Institution. A political

A-Level Law in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A-Level Law in Action - Essay Example For instance, in R v Steane, the accused lent his services to the enemy, in order to protect his family from harm. Consequently, his conviction was set aside6. Â  On the other hand, indirect or oblique intent arises when the accused can foresee the outcome, as being highly probable, and the accused does not desire that outcome. In Hyam v DPP, the accused’s intention had been to terrify the victim and not to cause her death, when he set fire to her house. Their Lordships upheld the conviction for murder, as the accused could anticipate that his actions could result in death or grievous bodily harm7. Â  In the present problem, Bob with the intention of killing Alice exploded a petrol bomb. As a consequence, Alice lost her life. Bob caused her death intentionally.This constitutes, the crime of murder, and Bob will be accordingly held liable. Â  In Goodfellow, the accused was convicted of constructive manslaughter, for having caused the death of his family, while attempting to set his house on fire. It is important to note that he had no intention of causing the death of his family8. Â  Bob had claimed that it was not his intention to cause harm to anyone other than his wife, Alice. This is untenable, on account of the doctrine of transferred malice. The letter states that if an individual has the Mens rea to commit a specific offense against a particular person, and if that crime had been committed by that individual against some other person, then the Mens rea is transferred to the actual victim. This is borne out by the decision in R v Mitchell, wherein the accused had caused the death of an old woman, by striking an old man who fell on that old woman. The latter died subsequently, due to the complications that had arisen in her treatment.

Cash flow analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Cash flow analysis - Essay Example The company sells its products online and also through merchants. Other products and services the company provides are; server and storage software, Microsoft Dynamics and video game consoles. It’s also involved in mobile software production; recently they purchased Nokia Handset Business. Without doubt the Microsoft company is one among the leading companies in its industry. A common size financial statement shows all items as percentages; this enables easy analysis over a given time. A common analysis from 2011 to 2014 was made. This analysis illustrated a decrease in the profits made over those three years. On the other hand an increase in the cost of sales over this period was observed. The operating cost remained the same over this period of time. The provision of 7% total sales was constant. The net income as in june 2014 was 25.42% which was a decrease, in 2013 net income was 28%, 2012 was 23%, while 2011 was 33%. A statement for the those three years tells us that cash and cash equivalents ant the current assets have increased slowly over time. On a different observation for the same period, there was a decline in terms of the long term assets of the company related to the decline in goodwill. In 2011 to 2014 the current and long term liabilities have held constant. There has been a decline from 47 to 44% in the total liabilities of the company w hile the stockholders’s equity has increased over that period from 52 to 55%. The financial statement provides information regarding the prospect earnings capacity of a corpoartion’s assets over and above an indication of cash flows which might come from inventories and receivables . the figures in the table is in USD $ in millions and was adopted from Microsoft Corporation, the annual reports Ratio analysis for this period was done to get an indication of the company’s financial performance in

Cultural and Intellectual Developments Annotated Bibliography

Cultural and Intellectual Developments - Annotated Bibliography Example From the source it is evident that the 1950s saw China adopt a strategy of collectivization of agriculture based on the model that was being applied by the Soviet Union. Yun expressed hope that the industrialization of the country based on the five year plan would guarantee the country economic independence and freedon to avoid relying on imperialists. This source is important to the research as it provides good ground for understanding the course China, under Mao Tse-Tung, took toward achieving economic development. Tse-Tung, Mao. â€Å"Let Us Unite And Clearly Distinguish Between Ourselves And The Enemy†. Speech delivered at the thirty-eighth meeting of the Standing Committee of the First National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference August 4, 1952. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_22.htm This source is a speech by Mao Tse-Tung, the leader of China at the time the speech was being made. In the source Tse-Tung traces the situations that China has gone through over the years. He emphasizes that China needed to increase its production and apply strict economy for its gowth. The leader noted that the three evils and the five evils movements had been successful and that the country was getting more economically stable. Among other things, the Korean war, resistance against U.S. aggression, corruption, waste and bureaucracy were noted by Tse-tung to be major hurdles to the economic growth of the nation. This source is significant for the study since it gives an insight into the progress that China made under Mao and the political upheavals that led to its slow growth. Richard Bush was a one time acting director of the American Institute in Taiwan and is currently a director of Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies (CNAPS) affiliated with the Brookings Institution. A political

Cash flow analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Cash flow analysis - Essay Example The company sells its products online and also through merchants. Other products and services the company provides are; server and storage software, Microsoft Dynamics and video game consoles. It’s also involved in mobile software production; recently they purchased Nokia Handset Business. Without doubt the Microsoft company is one among the leading companies in its industry. A common size financial statement shows all items as percentages; this enables easy analysis over a given time. A common analysis from 2011 to 2014 was made. This analysis illustrated a decrease in the profits made over those three years. On the other hand an increase in the cost of sales over this period was observed. The operating cost remained the same over this period of time. The provision of 7% total sales was constant. The net income as in june 2014 was 25.42% which was a decrease, in 2013 net income was 28%, 2012 was 23%, while 2011 was 33%. A statement for the those three years tells us that cash and cash equivalents ant the current assets have increased slowly over time. On a different observation for the same period, there was a decline in terms of the long term assets of the company related to the decline in goodwill. In 2011 to 2014 the current and long term liabilities have held constant. There has been a decline from 47 to 44% in the total liabilities of the company w hile the stockholders’s equity has increased over that period from 52 to 55%. The financial statement provides information regarding the prospect earnings capacity of a corpoartion’s assets over and above an indication of cash flows which might come from inventories and receivables . the figures in the table is in USD $ in millions and was adopted from Microsoft Corporation, the annual reports Ratio analysis for this period was done to get an indication of the company’s financial performance in

Effectiveness of Electronic Group Brainstorming Essay Example for Free

Effectiveness of Electronic Group Brainstorming Essay The first article reviewed was entitled â€Å"Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving: Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting† by Courtney C. Dornburg, Susan M. Stevens, Stacey M. L. Hendrickson, and George S. Davidson, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The paper was authored in June of 2009. The objective of this paper was to conduct an experiment and report the results of the efforts to compare the effectiveness of group electronic brainstorming versus individual electronic brainstorming to address difficult, real-world challenges (Dornburg et al. , 2009). Many such studies have been conducted over the years to determine if group brainstorming is more effective than individual brainstorming and the conclusion is that individual brainstorming creates more and better quality ideas. However, there are not many studies examining larger work groups, 30 or more, with diversity among skill and knowledge levels in an industrial setting. This article aims to determine the best way to leverage EBS (electronic brainstorming) methods within the setting of a national laboratory to evaluate performance within four industrially relevant areas. Because of the ever-increasing use of technology in the workplace, it is imperative that managers understand group dynamics to aid in solving industrially relevant issues and how to apply the right technology to the situation. The group of individuals conducting this research declares that electronic brainstorming has been proposed to reduce the negative effects of group brainstorming and help control costs. Electronic brainstorming should allow for shorter meetings, an increase in participation regardless of the participant’s location, a reduction in costs, and provide for better documentation. The experimental goals of this paper were as follows: 1. Measure idea quality as well as quantity 2. Examine larger work groups, up to 30 members 3. Solve a â€Å"real-world issue† 4. Determine how time and scheduling interact with EBS Participants in this study were randomly assigned to a group (one group of 39 and another group of 30) and were given instructions to log into a website and input their ideas at least once a day for 4 successive days. The availability of the website was not restricted to just working hours, thus participants could enter ideas either when working or at home, so whenever an idea came to them, they had the opportunity to log into the website and input their information. The nominal group participants only were able to see their own answers. The group-condition participants could see their own ideas as well as those of their group and could build on other ideas submitted by the rest of the group. The questions the participants were asked to respond to was a problem from the company president which contrasted two models of how organizations relate to their employees. The two questions were as follows: 1. How do employees establish an identity for themselves in relation to their work environment, i.e., how do they define their â€Å"we†, and 2. How to create the appropriate balance between the role of management and the sense of empowerment of employees (Dornburg et al., 2009). The results were generated and responses were evaluated based on originality, feasibility, and effectiveness. The results showed that nominal was superior to group brainstorming in at least some industrial contexts (Dornburg et al., 2009). In the nominal group responses, both average and maximum idea quality were considerably better than the group condition responses. The analysis proved that the nominal participants produced more good ideas than group participants; however there was not a major difference in the total number of ideas produced. This research proved to this group that large electronic groups are not inevitably the best option for solving industry related issues. If idea quality is the goal of the group, this issue can better be solved by collecting electronic individual responses rather than organizing an electronic group. Furthermore, the individual approach has the potential for cost savings. The second article reviewed was entitled â€Å"Social Influence Processes in Computer Brainstorming† by Paul B. Paulus, Timothy S. Larey, Vicky L. Putman, Karen L. Leggett, and Evelyn J. Roland, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington. This article was produced in March of 1996. This research project assumes the same findings of the first paper reviewed, that large group brainstorming is not always the best option for generating new ideas, and takes it one step further to study the social influences in effect during the brainstorming process. The first paper proved that individual group brainstorming was the superior process for electronic brainstorming and this paper is investigating what elements lead to the productivity loss that occurs between individual brainstorming and group brainstorming. The article claims that there are several social interaction factors that can be attributed to the productivity loss such as social interaction anxiety, social loafing, and blocking. Additionally, it is stated that there is no real motivation to be a high performer and individuals will match their performance to the lower performers. The purpose of this research project was to provide further evidence for the social influence model within the context of electronic or computer-based brainstorming (Paulus et al., 1996). For this study, participants were assembled into groups of 4 and were asked to generate ideas using personal computers. There were four different group conditions used. In the first condition, the participants generated ideas individually, with no comparison feedback or verbalization. In the second condition, the participants publicly announced the number of ideas they created in 5 minute increments (comparison). In the third condition, as they typed their ideas, the individuals would voice their ideas (verbalization). And finally, in the fourth condition, participants verbalized their ideas as they typed and announced the number of ides they generated every 5 minutes, therefore combining both the comparison and verbalization conditions (conditions #2 and #3). The primary dependent measures were the number of ideas generated and perceptions of individual performance (Paulus et al., 1996). Additionally, this study examined the independent role of verbalization and social comparison processes in both the generation of ideas and the perception of performance in computer-based brainstorming groups (Paulus et al., 1996). There were 136 participants in this study who were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions and broken into groups of 4. All participants were contributing in a large room at the same time, except in the no verbalization-comparison condition, where those individuals participated alone in another room. The participants were asked to generate ideas on the pros and cons of having an extra thumb on each hand. At the end of the session, the participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire which asked them questions about their perception of their performance during the brainstorming session. This individual performance information was evaluated by the research team as well. The results of this study proved that by using the social comparison information, it increased the performance of the students generating ideas on the computer, meaning that giving the performance statistics of others can help increase the performance of the group. However in contrast, in the condition where the participants verbalized their ideas, this reduced the level of performance over the groups who did not voice their ideas. This is consistent with the idea that production blocking is a core reason for production loss of brainstorming groups, because the blocking occurs when the individuals in the group share ideas. Consequently, sometimes the performance comparison information can be helpful, but the verbalization of ideas most likely increases social anxiety and production blocking which will reduce the benefit of the comparison information. The more favorable individual performance perceptions were in the social comparison and verbalization condition groups. In summary, the findings of this study show that the perception of the participants in an interactive group is that they are more productive if they announce their ideas as they are generated during the group brainstorming process. In other words, typing ideas as they are being voiced during the group brainstorming process may be beneficial if oral interaction is preferred. Additionally, voicing ideas can help stimulate the individual thinking process and can create more confident feelings about individual performance. However, the actual performance of the group may be hindered when participants verbalize their ideas due to blocking and anxiety. Social comparison may increase the overall number of  ideas produced, but verbalization of ideas may hinder the number of ideas produced. One of the reasons why I chose this topic was that within my team at BJC, collaboration is highly recommended and expected. Brainstorming sessions are a regular occurrence and used frequently to generate new ideas in facilitation techniques, training material development, presentation techniques, and special project deliverables. So I determined that additional research on brainstorming would be interesting and beneficial to me to apply ideas to my working environment. The first paper I reviewed discussed the use of two different types of electronic brainstorming and which version was best for the brainstorming process. I have read many articles lately on brainstorming where they have indicated that due to personality differences, and being more introverted versus extroverted, idea generation is not a one-size-fits-all process. Using an individual electronic process can help those that are more introverted to give them time to think about ideas and write down ideas as they come to them, instead of putting them on the spot and asking them to generate ideas immediately and in a large group setting. I have personally not used the electronic method with regularity in a business setting. More often than not, we usually schedule a meeting and gain participation by having everyone together in one room and throw ideas around. I do feel that I can build off of others’ ideas easily in this type of setting, but I am more extroverted, so I tend to verbalize my thoughts easily and am energized by hearing others’ thoughts. I was surprised at the outcome of the first study where the nominal group generated more quality ideas that the group-condition participants, which supports the concepts from our Organizational Behavior textbook, in chapter 9. I personally am stimulated by other’s ideas and it helps me think more creatively if I can see or hear what others are thinking about the brainstorming topic, because as noted in the second paper, voicing ideas can be stimulating. I can see where individuals who are more introverted may be intimidated by the verbalization and comparison techniques as used in the second study. I also like the idea of having a standard website or shared electronic document to capture ideas when brainstorming is needed, as used in the first study. In my work environment, the most beneficial format would most likely be the group-condition because we tend to build off of each other’s ideas. We are a very interactive group, so the oral interaction, or visual interaction, would work well in our environment. I have experienced productivity blocking in brainstorming sessions previously where your brain has a tendency to to get stuck on one thought or idea and you have a hard time getting past that particular idea. However, again, probably because I am more extroverted, and am energized by conversation, I feel that I am eventually able to work through the brainstorming process and not get stuck in the blocking circle. Sometimes to get past the blocking, it just helps to build off of someone else’s idea, instead of coming up with your own original idea. The second pape r discussed that another reason for productivity loss was because there is no real motivation to be a high performer and individuals will match their performance to the lower performers. That’s not accurate in my case because I am also a very competitive individual. Even though there is no tangible reward for submitting as many ideas as possible, due to my competitive nature I would still try to submit as many ideas as possible so that I can be proud of my accomplishment. I would also perceive that my performance was better in the case that I was providing as many or more ideas as my colleagues, rather than submitting fewer ideas. In summary, I found both articles to be extremely beneficial on the topic of electronic brainstorming. I learned about new ways to brainstorm electronically and that there are many benefits, however with the social aspect, an organization needs to take into consideration the potential areas for productivity loss. Each organization should determine the best way to use electronic brainstorming for their environment based on their culture. Even though as the textbook states in chapter 9 that electronic meetings tend to lead to decreased group effectiveness and an increase in the amount of time it takes to complete tasks, technology continues to increase in popularity and it will be interesting to see how BJC decides to harness this technology to continue to generate quality ideas for the future of healthcare. REFERENCES Dornburg C, Stevens S, Hendrickson S, Davidson G. Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving: Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting. Human Factors [serial online]. August 2009;51(4):519-527. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013. Paulus P, Larey T, Putman V, Leggett K, Roland E. Social Influence Processing in Computer Brainstorming. Basic Applied Social Psychology [serial online]. March 1996;18(1):3-14. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013.

Examining The Processes Of Data Backup Information Technology Essay

Examining The Processes Of Data Backup Information Technology Essay There are many problems that happen to the computers which will cause damage for it. For example, it cause lose the data and necessary information and this problems may effect to the organization whether losing the data or information and this things will cause stop working and then losing the money. Therefore, to protect your data from the hackers or nature disaster you should take a backup. The backup is making copying a collection of data, the object, from primary to secondary storage for the purpose of recovery in the event of failure. In my project discussed some point which may prevent data from losing or at least reduce the risk which may happen. For example, I indicated to the definition of the backup this will help the users to understand the meaning of the backup. Also, I talk about some reasons about needs of doing backup and some features of backup. Moreover, I mention to the importance of backup software and why we need backup software. In addition I mentioned importance of backup data and why we need backup data. Finally, I talk about backup Documentation. What is the backup? Backup is the process of copying a collection of data, the object, from primary to secondary storage for the purpose of recovery in the event of failure. Its continuation is Recovery, the process invoke on failure or other requirement to return the contents of the collection to primary storage space. To be useful for recovery, the source data images needs to be in a consistent condition throughout the backup. The copy be supposed to provide a non-volatile point of retrieval. In addition a data object may have many copies or recovery points. Failure cause may be logical, physical, accidental or intentional resultant in loss or inaccessibility of the original data. The primary storage is characteristically disk. The secondary storage is characteristically magnetic tape, often called removable media because it is easy to transport to an exchange location. Today, disks/tape combinations and remote disks may serve as secondary storage in addition to other media forms. An exchange location or site is required in the event of primary site destruction or that the site becomes unavailable. In most cases, the legal or guaranty test of backup authority requires a combination of the ability to recover from the media and physical storage of the media at a specified least amount distance from the primary site. In information technology, a backup or the process of backing up refers to making copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a data loss event. The verb is back up in two words, whereas the noun is backup (often used like an adjective in composite nouns). Backups are useful primarily for two purposes. The first is to restore a state following a disaster (called disaster recovery). The second is to restore small numbers of files after they have been accidentally deleted or corrupted. Data loss is also very common. 68% of internet users have suffered from serious data loss. Why using backup? The Backup usefulness in Windows ® XP Professional helps you protect your files and information if your computer fails. For example, you can use Backup to copy the data on your hard drive it on another a disk, hard drive, a DVD, a CD, or another computer. If your hard drive is erased or damaged, you can easily restore the data from the archived copy. Using Backup when Corruption Will data. It is definitely critical that users understand that corruption happens, hard drives will fail, motherboards will short out, and mistakes will erase data. Good conservancy and technical skills may increase the time between errors. Also, using backup to protect your files you can create a backup by using Vistas Backup Status and Configuration tool. A backup set is a set of copies of the files that is stored in a different location from the original files. That location can be a different partition on your computers internal hard disk, an external hard disk, a remote share on a different computer, and even writable media such as CD-R and DVD-R. Type of Backup Full Backup The first backup in a series is full backup (the incremental and the differential backups must start with a full backup). A full backup allows you to backup the all hard drive: folders, applications, and files (or just a select part of your hard drive). A full backup reset the archive bits. Everybody who values data stored on a computer should do a full backup weekly. Incremental Backup This incremental Used to backup only files that have changed as the last backup, whether it was a full backup or an incremental backup. The archive small piece is reset with an incremental backup. Incremental backups are fast and need less data storage space. Restoring data takes longer since you must restore the last full backup and each incremental backup perform since the last full backup. Incremental backups are ideal for those who need frequent backups up till now have minimal backup storage space. Differential Backup Differential backup used to backup only files that changed since the last full backup, but a differential backup does not reset the archive. Differential backups get longer and require more storage space, but restore time is faster because you only need to restore the last full backup and the most recent differential backup. Differential backups are good-looking for those with more storage space and small endurance for lengthy restores. Why Data Backup Software? In the Information age, we cant go a day without needing to use a computer. As a result, a lot of important information is store on our machinery. Computers are target to failure as much as any other type of electronics. And when they do, the results can be catastrophic. Whether youre a small business or a personality, prop up your files is an important exercise. The smallest thing could fetch everything wreck to the earth, so you have to be ready in case something happens. If your system stays secure, you can take breathe a sigh of aid knowing you would be ready in the event of a crash. The data each person stores on their computer is different, so you need to choose the data backup software that meets your specific needs. This practicability can be a difficult and confusing. We are here to help make your attempt a little easier. What to Look for in Data Backup Software You need backup software that is dependable and simple on the way to use or you wont use it. Underneath is the criterion TopTenREVIEWS used to appraise data backup software: Feature Set Backup software features should go further than standard copying of data files; backup software should be lithe sufficient to meet your needs. First-rate data backup software allows you to schedule both full and tradition backups; backup merely what you want and when you want. 1-Ease of Use A computer beginner is supposed to be able to install and use the backup software without help. The control panel should be intuitive, convenient and should offer easy backup scheduling for automatic backups. Some backup programs are designed for advanced computer users, not novices; we remark on this in the backup software reviews. Data Backup Software Buying Review of 2-Backup and Restore Your backup should be simple to set up and easy to restore. Access restore data should be automatic, and the backup should preserve original data files and path. Restore backup files that dont preserve original file organization are almost valueless; youll have to reorganize all your restored data to access it expediently. Consider self-checking backup software that compares the backup to the original to verify correctness (backup confirmation). Look for backup software with a variety of backup choices: full, incremental, differential and individual file backups. A complete system backup (Image Backup) is also a precious asset, as is the ability to create a walking boot disk. Also, consider backup software that can compress data for compact storage. If security is a cause, choose backup software that protect with passwords and encryption. 3-Help Documentation Backing up and restore your data can be complex. Help files should offer plain, step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting tips. The language should be simple to understand and the help information should be well organized so you can find answers fast. Whether its corrupted data, viruses, or your computer just calls it quits, with the right data backup software, you have got it covered. Advanced Features Backup Password protection Backup software can use to add a password to your backup so you can delimit access. Backup Password Encryption Backup software encrypts your password so it cant be cut or accessed by power. Data Compression Backup software can use to compress the backup file so you can store more data in the same location. File Filtering Backup software will can use to include and keep out certain files or file types from your backup. Backup Verification After the software performs a data backup, it compares and verifies the backup to the original as a self error check. Drive Spanning Backup software can using to use multiple CD/DVD drives or hard drives for unattended backups. Event Logs Reports Catalog Backups Backup software runs an error-check to reveal if the backup and restore were successful. If there were errors during backup, the software stores them for easy reference (useful for troubleshooting and for avoiding similar hang-ups in the future). Burning Software Included Backup software includes the burning software necessary to create backups to blank CDs or DVDs. CD/DVD Erase Capability Backup software has a feature that allows you to erase rewritable CDs and DVDs. Create Bootable Backup Backup software can make your backup bootable. Usually this tool is available in backup software that creates drive images and disaster recovery disks (a backup of the system in case of a crash). Backup Capabilities Individual File Backup The software backs up just the individual files you select. Files-in-use Backup The software can backup files that are in use. This characteristic is useful to any person who requires several backups every day. Individual Folder Backup The backup software backs up not just the data, but files the locations and all the folders. Without this stooge, reorganize data after restoring would be not easy. Complete System Backup (picture Backup) (Also called Image Backup, Backup Image, Hard Drive Image and Drive Image) Backs up the all hard drive, including the operating system, registry, drivers, and data files-in short and software applications, your entire computer system. One-Click Drive Backup A convenient tool that makes a full system backup with one push button click. Address Book Backup Can using to backup all the names and email addresses stored in your email address books. Registry Backup Backup software can using to backup all your registry setting and files only, without backing up the rest of your computer system. Favorites Backup Backup software allows you to backup all your Internet favorites, including favorite website addresses and look for engine keywords. Backup Scheduling Backup software can using to create a backup table-perfect for busy people who dont have time to backup on a regular basis. Typically, data backup software can use to schedule backups at various intervals, including: during the boot up or shut down, hourly, every day, every week, every month or even yearly. Backup software Backup software is a computer program used to perform a full backup of the file, data, and the database system or server. Backup software enables the user to make an exact copy of everything in the original source. We must also use this program for the implementation of the process of restoring data or system in the event of a disaster. Why do I Need Backup Software? Why not just copy the files of interest to a blank CD and store it in a safe place? There is a good chance irritation factor to do so again and again and will lead to the neglect of the user to do this often as it should. The backup program makes a good base the whole process a little less annoying than it would be otherwise. How? List of features you can expect to find in any decent backup software Data compression. Any backup software worth its salt be able to compress your data does not take up too much space on the storage media the final. The savings can be significant. Some packages even allow you to change the values of pressure. In general, high rates of compression means the backup will take more time to implement that, if it is possible to change the compression settings, you can decide for yourself what time your favorite compression trade-off. Encryption. It should be the backup program allows you to encrypt your data. Some can be personal or commercially sensitive. Whether youre a backup to an external storage device, or elsewhere on the network, when you create a copy of your data you increase the chances of it falling into the wrong hands. Encryption is necessary to make it safe. Should be able to implement additional backup operations, and this means that actually only supported files that have changed up. Without this feature and you have to sort the files manually from the old and new, or just copy everything Every time you did a backup, and of course eating a great deal of time as it has done so.    Scheduling. Almost all backup programs will allow you to set timetables in advance. In this way, the backup can be done automatically at the time that suits you.    Dealing with open files. If you are working with important data on the computer constantly and we want to be backed up data as it is vital to change.    Control the use and CPU. You can copy the backup of the data in some cases, the processor-intensive; interfere with other tasks that you want to execute on your computer. Some backup programs allow you to throttle that will make demands on the resources of the CPU, allowing you to get your work is performed while the backup process unobtrusively in the background. Backup data Backup Data is information that is not presently in use by an organization and is routinely stored separately on portable media, to free up space and permit data recovery in the event of a disaster. To see the backup data, you have to reload it onto a computer from whatever storage media it is on. Why Do I Need to Backup My Data? The importance of data backup well, after five years of providing technical support for a variety of packages and accounting, one thing Ive found that is sure to bring tears to call the support person is the question: How was the last backup of the data good? Backup and data corruption occurs    It is important that users understand that corruption happens, hard drives will fail, motherboards and short out, and errors will erase the data. Have good maintenance and technical skills to increase the time between errors, but in the end, Murphy always wins, you will need to backup your data. Backup solutions for data available    What is important to emphasize that the presence of Data Backup normal does not need to be painful or expensive. Modern technology has brought the hard drive is very large, Zip and Jazz, DVD and CD burning, data backup tape systems within the reach of even a modest budget. Although the question of which of these items are suitable to your needs and data backup budget will depend on your circumstances, but the general need for data backup is not. The real cost of the lack of backup data    Almost as important as admitting that can happen to you, is to recognize the cost of data loss. Most people do not realize how much they have invested in the data on your hard drive. Forget the obvious stuff such as financial statements (receivables, payables, and tax information), which we know would be disastrous to lose. I think instead of hours of work re-install the program on the computer base and the restructuring of your environment to suit your preferences again. Backup documentation In computers, software and product development, documentation and information that describes the product to its users. It consists of evidence of technical products and information over the Internet (including electronic versions of technical manuals and descriptions of the annex to help). The term is sometimes used to denote the source of information about the product contained in design documents and detailed comments on the code, white papers, and notes the session of the board. The term is derived from the idea that engineers and programmers document their products in formal writing. The nearest computer users in some cases, simply handed engineers or programmers documents. The public as output grew, it became necessary to add the professional writers and editors of this process. Today, IBM and other companies to consider the development of information product based on what users need to do when you actually use the product. In this view of task-oriented, information can be divided into the product and sometimes physically organized in these categories task: assessing and planning for the establishment or installation, and air conditioning and management, using, and maintaining the product. Now documents are often built directly into the product as part of the user interface and help pages. Type of documents Stages of drawing out the above approaches and usually produces different types of documents dealing with different tasks and the possibly different target groups. These types of documents, in the case of CLWG, the following: Formal guidelines (specifications) for the area concerned (from the inventory and first proposals phase). Operational guidelines for the practical application of the specifications (from the inventory and first proposals phase). Consensus reports: surveys, descriptions of best practice and first proposals (from the survey phase). Reports on validation exercises (from the validation phase). Conclusion As discussed previously in this project, data can be lost in innumerable ways. In order to stave off such loss, its important to have a good backup strategy. Simple Backup Suite (backups) can be part of such an effort. Also, I discussed backup software, Backup software is a computer program used to perform a full backup of the file, data, and the database system or server. And I discussed backup data, Backup Data is information that not presently in use by an organization and is routinely stored separately on portable media, to free up space and permit data recovery in the event of a disaster. In finally I discussed backup damnation, in computers, software and product development, documentation and information that describes the product to its users. It consists of evidence of technical products and information over the Internet (including electronic versions of technical manuals and descriptions of the annex to help). I should every person using computer use backup for stored your d ata or information so as not loss your data or information.

A soldiers Tale :: essays research papers

You are on a small boat, cramped with scruffy men outfitted in full combat gear. Nervous and pensive they shift about, while you stand and wonder, â€Å"What the hell is going to happen to me?† Suddenly, an older man yells, â€Å"Get ready! We’re going in!† The boat slows down, and a ringing bell goes off. The front ramp slowly opens forward†¦and then all hell breaks loose. A hail of bullets rips and thunders, tearing up your comrades into pieces of flesh and organs, spewing forth the liquid of life. Yet you survive, diving into the cold, murky waters below. The bullets are not content with the open air, and dive below, chasing after you like a dog to fresh meat. You see other men, wearing the same combat fatigue that you do. You struggle to bring your head above the water. Thunder and lightning split the air, striking down your friends, while grim men, cold as ice, plug away at their 150mm guns. It is a barrage on your senses, the smell of ozone, the crackle of gunfire, the sight of death, the taste of salt water, and the coldness of the sea. You struggle out of the water and take cover behind a creature of steel, a device to block tanks, most likely. You hide behind there, while you hear men die, their screams burning into your mind. You see men fight, some die, some live, yet you still hid. Nighttime comes, and with it, silence. You decide then, to leave your cover, and venture out, into the killing fields. It is quiet, and you see other men with rifles in their hand, congregating together. You join them, and devise a plan to destroy the grim men. You and other men take black tubes of death, Bengolers, and insert them into the rough terrain. They explode with a flash and bang, and you charge with the men, ready to attack. This might sound like a movie about World War II, maybe Saving Private Ryan. However, this is no movie. This is real life. That was the story of my granduncle, Bill Zimmerman. He was a corporal, leader of his platoon, in the general infantry. He was only 19 years of age. He survived D-Day, and went on to fight the Battle of the Bulge, and he survived there too. This is the story of the day known as D-Day, the day the tides turned for the Allies.

The Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States Essay e

The Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States Illegal immigration has been an important and serious issue for decades; which affects everyone, both Americans and immigrants themselves. Illegal Immigration has three main purposes: first to find a better life in the ?promise land?, second: free healthcare, and third: for criminal activity. Most illegal immigrants come to America with the best intentions for themselves and/or their families, but many others have alternative motives. The thing that must be remembered is that illegal immigration is illegal. It?s all in the name. ?Over 6 million illegal immigrants live in the US- some estimate even more.? (Illegal Immigration) This is astonishing. Six million people could make up a whole suburb such as Mesa or Chandler. Immigrants arrive in America in different ways. One is crossing the border illegally by land. Another way get into the US are by false identities or by stolen, or falsified passports. Another way is by illegal smuggling boats. ?Others enter with legal documentation and then violate the terms on which they have been admitted by taking jobs that are not authorized or overstaying the authorized period of stay in the country? (Illegal Immigration) A bad side to having such a large amount of illegal immigrants in the nation is the crime rate and prison population caused by certain ?illegals?. ?Illegal immigration is a major cause in the overcrowding of our schools and our prisons.? (Bender, David) Michael Huffington, a former member of the US House of Reps. For California says that, ?Many illegal immigrants come for two purposes that are both destructive and expensive: to commit crimes or to receive government benefits.... ...ed by those individuals will hopefully decrease. And perhaps by instituting other policies which help the people who want a better life; and are willing to take the steps to becoming a citizen, will make America not so much of a hide out, but the land of opportunity that is once was less than a century and a half ago. Works Cited Bender, David, Bruno Leone, Charles P. Cozic. Illegal Immigration, Opposing Viewpoints. California: San Diego, 1997. Huffington, Michael. Illegal Aliens, The Immigration Experience. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, 1997. ?Illegal Immigration is a Crime.? Issue Brief. http/:www.fairus.org/html/04113604.htm. 6 April 2001. Izumi, Lance T. ?Illegal Immigration and Crime.? Capital Ideas: Intellectual Capital from the Political Capitol. 2 September 1997. http/:www.padificresearch.org/capital/97-9-02.html. 7 April 2001.